Study Objective
We investigated sleep disparities and academic achievement in college.
Methods
Participants were 6,002 first-year college students [62.0% female, 18.8% first-generation, 37.4% Black, Indigenous, or People of Color (BIPOC) students] attending a midsize private university in the southern United States. During the first 3-5 weeks of college, students reported their typical weekday sleep duration, which we classified as short sleep (<7 hours), normal sleep (7-9 hours), or long sleep (>9 hours).
Results
The odds for short sleep were significantly greater in BIPOC students (95% CI: 1.34-1.66) and female students (95% CI: 1.09-1.35), and the odds for long sleep were greater in BIPOC students (95% CI: 1.38-3.08) and first-generation students (95% CI: 1.04-2.53). In adjusted models, financial burden, employment, stress, STEM academic major, student athlete status, and younger age explained unique variance in sleep duration, fully mediating disparities for females and first-generation students (but only partially mediating disparities for BIPOC students). Short and long sleep predicted worse GPA across students’ first year in college, even after controlling for high school academic index, demographics, and psychosocial variables.
Conclusions
Higher education should address sleep health early in college to help remove barriers to success and reduce disparities.