Benefits of Commercialised Biotechnology‐Derived Crops in the United States

Sankula, Sujatha; Gianessi, Leonard

doi:10.1002/0470869143.kc062

Cited by 12 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In addition, NCFAP has predicted the potential impacts of adoption of other, not yet commercialized transgenic crops on pesticide use in Europe and the USA. For example, the actual US data of 2004 included herbicide‐resistant canola, cotton, maize and soybean, as well as insect‐resistant cotton and maize 15. The surveys consider the crop protection practices on transgenic crops and possible alternatives for conventional crops in the same year.…”

Section: Altered Pesticide Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Altered pesticide use on transgenic crops and the associated general impact from an environmental perspective

Kleter

Bhula

Bodnaruk³

et al. 2007

Pest Management Science

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The large-scale commercial cultivation of transgenic crops has undergone a steady increase since their introduction 10 years ago. Most of these crops bear introduced traits that are of agronomic importance, such as herbicide or insect resistance. These traits are likely to impact upon the use of pesticides on these crops, as well as the pesticide market as a whole. Organizations like USDA-ERS and NCFAP monitor the changes in crop pest management associated with the adoption of transgenic crops. As part of an IUPAC project on this topic, recent data are reviewed regarding the alterations in pesticide use that have been observed in practice. Most results indicate a decrease in the amounts of active ingredients applied to transgenic crops compared with conventional crops. In addition, a generic environmental indicator -- the environmental impact quotient (EIQ) -- has been applied by these authors and others to estimate the environmental consequences of the altered pesticide use on transgenic crops. The results show that the predicted environmental impact decreases in transgenic crops. With the advent of new types of agronomic trait and crops that have been genetically modified, it is useful to take also their potential environmental impacts into account.

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Section: Altered Pesticide Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Altered pesticide use on transgenic crops and the associated general impact from an environmental perspective

Kleter

Bhula

Bodnaruk³

et al. 2007

Pest Management Science

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“…Analysts assessing the impacts of Bt crops on insecticide use report reductions, or displacement, in the range of 25% to 50% per hectare [6]. A more recent study reports a 24% reduction [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A series of unpublished simulation studies have been carried out by the National Center for Food and Agriculture Policy (NCFAP). In a report covering crop year 2005, NCFAP projected that HR corn, soybean, and cotton reduced total herbicide use by 25.6 million kgs, compared to hectares planted to non-HR varieties [6]. Sankula's herbicide use estimates are based on observations of mostly university experts regarding "typical" herbicide use rates on farms planting HR versus non-HR varieties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of genetically engineered crops on pesticide use in the U.S. -- the first sixteen years

2012

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Background: Genetically engineered, herbicide-resistant and insect-resistant crops have been remarkable commercial successes in the United States. Few independent studies have calculated their impacts on pesticide use per hectare or overall pesticide use, or taken into account the impact of rapidly spreading glyphosate-resistant weeds. A model was developed to quantify by crop and year the impacts of six major transgenic pest-management traits on pesticide use in the U.S. over the 16-year period, 1996-2011: herbicide-resistant corn, soybeans, and cotton; Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn targeting the European corn borer; Bt corn for corn rootworms; and Bt cotton for Lepidopteron insects. Results: Herbicide-resistant crop technology has led to a 239 million kilogram (527 million pound) increase in herbicide use in the United States between 1996 and 2011, while Bt crops have reduced insecticide applications by 56 million kilograms (123 million pounds). Overall, pesticide use increased by an estimated 183 million kgs (404 million pounds), or about 7%.Conclusions: Contrary to often-repeated claims that today's genetically-engineered crops have, and are reducing pesticide use, the spread of glyphosate-resistant weeds in herbicide-resistant weed management systems has brought about substantial increases in the number and volume of herbicides applied. If new genetically engineered forms of corn and soybeans tolerant of 2,4-D are approved, the volume of 2,4-D sprayed could drive herbicide usage upward by another approximate 50%. The magnitude of increases in herbicide use on herbicide-resistant hectares has dwarfed the reduction in insecticide use on Bt crops over the past 16 years, and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.

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“…This methodology has been used by others (Sankula and Blumenthal, 2003; Sankula and Blumenthal, 2006; Johnson and Strom, 2007). It also has the advantage of providing comparisons of current crop protection practices on both GM crops and the conventional alternatives and so takes into account dynamic changes in crop protection management practices and technologies rather than making comparisons solely on past practices.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) crop use 1996–2014: Impacts on pesticide use and carbon emissions

Brookes

Barfoot

2016

GM Crops & Food

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This paper updates previous assessments of important environmental impacts associated with using crop biotechnology in global agriculture. It focuses on the environmental impacts associated with changes in pesticide use and greenhouse gas emissions arising from the use of GM crops since their first widespread commercial use in the mid 1990s. The adoption of GM insect resistant and herbicide tolerant technology has reduced pesticide spraying by 581.4 million kg (−8.2%) and, as a result, decreased the environmental impact associated with herbicide and insecticide use on these crops (as measured by the indicator, the Environmental Impact Quotient [EIQ]) by18.5%. The technology has also facilitated important cuts in fuel use and tillage changes, resulting in a significant reduction in the release of greenhouse gas emissions from the GM cropping area. In 2014, this was equivalent to removing nearly 10 million cars from the roads.

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Benefits of Commercialised Biotechnology‐Derived Crops in the United States

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Altered pesticide use on transgenic crops and the associated general impact from an environmental perspective

Altered pesticide use on transgenic crops and the associated general impact from an environmental perspective

Impacts of genetically engineered crops on pesticide use in the U.S. -- the first sixteen years

Environmental impacts of genetically modified (GM) crop use 1996–2014: Impacts on pesticide use and carbon emissions

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