Benefits of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Adjuvants

Garza, G Rodríguez; Elizondo-Luévano, Joel H.; Bazaldúa-Rodríguez, Aldo Fabio; Chávez-Montes, Abelardo; Pérez-Hernández, Raymundo Alejandro; Delgado, Ameyalli Jocelyn Martínez; Villarreal, Sonia Martha López; Rodríguez, José; Casas, Rosa María Sánchez; Velázquez, Uziel Castillo; Luis, Osvelia Esmeralda Rodríguez

doi:10.3390/plants10091908

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Extracts were then filtered, rotaevaporated, and stored at 4 °C in amber bottles until use. The following Formula (1) was used to calculate the extraction yield percentage [ 13 ]:

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Methanol Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Mexico against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Elizondo-Luévano

Gómez-Flores

Verde-Star

et al. 2022

Plants

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Medicinal plants are traditionally used in Mexico to treat diseases such as cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic, antioxidant, and anti-hemolytic activity of 15 plants of ethnopharmacological use in Mexico. For this, plant methanol extracts were prepared by the Soxhlet method, after which their cytotoxic activity was evaluated against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HEP-G2) and monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction colorimetric assay. The selectivity index (SI) of each extract was then determined by the IC50 ratio of normal to tumor cells. We showed that Ruta chalepensis extract possessed an IC50 of 1.79 µg/mL and 522.08 µg/mL against HEP-G2 and Vero cells, respectively, resulting in an SI of 291.50. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging technique, where the best antioxidant potential was shown by the Heterotheca inuloides extract (IC50 = 19.24 µg/mL). Furthermore, the hemolytic potential was determined against human erythrocytes, which showed that the extracts with the highest anti-hemolytic activity were Smilax aspera (IC50 = 4.41 µg/mL) and Amphipterygium adstringens (IC50 = 5.35 µg/mL). In conclusion, we observed that R. chalepensis methanol extract possesses cytotoxic activity against HEP-G2 cells, without affecting non-tumorigenic Vero cells. Our results indicated the antitumor potential of medicinal plants used in Mexico.

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“…Extracts were then filtered, rotaevaporated, and stored at 4 °C in amber bottles until use. The following Formula (1) was used to calculate the extraction yield percentage [ 13 ]:

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants are a source of bioactive molecules with antibacterial, antiparasitic, healing, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and tissue repairing properties, representing a potential alternative in cancer treatment [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Approximately 80% of developing countries’ world population adopts plants to treat various ailments [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Methanol Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Mexico against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Elizondo-Luévano

Gómez-Flores

Verde-Star

et al. 2022

Plants

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“…Curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin all suppressed NO-production as well as iNOS mRNA in activated rat primary microglial cells, showing their important role in ensuring homeostasis and cell integrity [ 27 ]. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages were found to produce high amounts of NO after stimulation with LPS, an effect that was reversed after treatment with TE [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turmeric Extract (Curcuma longa) Mediates Anti-Oxidative Effects by Reduction of Nitric Oxide, iNOS Protein-, and mRNA-Synthesis in BV2 Microglial Cells

et al. 2022

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Plant-derived products have been used since the beginnings of human history to treat various pathological conditions. Practical experience as well as a growing body of research suggests the benefits of the use of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and some of its active components in the reduction of oxidative stress, a mechanism leading to neurodegeneration. In this current study, we investigated the effects of a preparation of Curcuma longa, and its constituents curcumin, tetrahydrocurcumin, and curcumenol, in one of the molecular pathways leading to oxidative stress, which is the release of NO, a free radical involved in stress conditions, using the BV2 microglial cell line. The concentration-dependent reduction of NO is linked to reduced amounts of iNOS protein- and mRNA-synthesis and is possibly mediated by the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) such as p42/44 or p38 MAPK. Therefore, the use of turmeric extract is a promising therapeutic option for diseases linked to the dysregulation of oxidative stress, with fewer side-effects in comparison to the currently used pharmacotherapeutics.

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“…However, the detailed toxicity test, including the genetic toxicity of L. cubeba leaves, should be investigated before application in the food industry. It has been reported that α-terpinyl acetate, the major compound of MLE, reduced TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-activated macrophages ( 42 ). In addition, 1,8-cineole, another major compound of MLE inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages ( 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The leaves of the seasoning plant Litsea cubeba inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice

Wong

Wu²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Front. Nutr.

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The intracellular sensor NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome controls caspase-1 activity and the maturation and release of the cytokines interleukin (IL)−1β and IL−18. The NLRP3 inflammasome has attracted the attention of the pharmaceutical industry because it promotes the pathogenesis of many diseases, making it a promising target for drug development. Litsea cubeba (Lour.) is a plant traditionally used as a seasoning in Taiwan and in other Asian countries. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of the leaves of L. cubeba against the NLRP3 inflammasome. We found that the ethanol extract of L. cubeba leaves (MLE) inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages by reducing caspase−1 activation and IL−1β secretion. MLE reduced pyroptosis in macrophages and inhibited the release of NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC). In a mechanistic study, MLE reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and preserved mitochondrial integrity, which led to reduced mitochondrial DNA release into the cytosol. MLE did not reduce the expression levels of NLRP3, IL−1β precursor or TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. These results indicated that MLE inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome by suppressing the activation signals of the NLRP3 inflammasome but not by reducing the priming signal induced by LPS. In addition, oral administration of MLE (20−80 mg/kg) ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)−induced colitis in a mouse model. Notably, mice that received MLE (1 and 2 g/kg) daily for 7 days did not exhibit visible side effects. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis found that α-Terpinyl acetate (27.2%) and 1,8−Cineole (17.7%) were the major compounds in MLE. These results indicated that L. cubeba leaves have the potential to be a nutraceutical for preventing and improving NLRP3 inflammasome-related diseases.

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Benefits of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Extracts for Their Applications as Natural Anti-Inflammatory Adjuvants

Cited by 29 publications

References 60 publications

In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Methanol Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Mexico against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Methanol Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used in Mexico against Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Turmeric Extract (Curcuma longa) Mediates Anti-Oxidative Effects by Reduction of Nitric Oxide, iNOS Protein-, and mRNA-Synthesis in BV2 Microglial Cells

The leaves of the seasoning plant Litsea cubeba inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice

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