Benefits of additional cardiologic examination in patients admitted for differential diagnosis to the Epilepsy Center Bethel

Non-epileptic paroxysmal events in paediatric patients: A single tertiary centre study in Egypt

“…Accordingly, NES and PNES, which account for the majority of the causes of misdiagnosis of epilepsy must be ruled out [8,9]. NES include the following groups: generalised paroxysmal events (including apnoea, breath-holding spells, syncope, cyclic vomiting syndrome, and benign paroxysmal vertigo), abnormal movements and postures (such as neonatal jitteriness and clonus, benign paroxysmal torticollis of infancy, Sandifer syndrome, motor tics, benign myoclonus of infancy, shuddering attacks, rage attacks, and infantile masturbation), sleep disorders (including benign sleep myoclonus and neonatal sleep myoclonus, night terrors, restless leg syndrome, narcolepsy, and cataplexy syndrome), and finally oculomotor abnormalities (including spasmus nutans, opsoclonus myclonus syndrome, and oculomotor apraxia) [10][11][12][13].…”