Benefits of 2 Years of Intense Exercise on Bone Density, Physical Fitness, and Blood Lipids in Early Postmenopausal Osteopenic Women

Kemmler, Wolfgang; Lauber, Dirk; Weineck, Jürgen; Hensen, J.; Kalender, Willi A.; Engelke, Klaus

doi:10.1001/archinte.164.10.1084

Cited by 228 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The significant increase of aerobic capacity in J and OJ groups showed that the prescribed exercise intensity and duration of 30 minutes per day, 3 times per week for 8 weeks in the present study was adequate for improving aerobic capacity of the participants. The present beneficial effect of exercise alone on aerobic capacity was in agreement with several other previous studies (Fisher et al, 2015;Kemmler et al, 2004;Suter et al, 1994). Fisher et al (2015) reported that moderate intensity exercise is more effective to improve cardiovascular fitness than high intensity training.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In contrast, sedentary lifestyles with lack of exercise, smoking and having high blood cholesterol level can increase one susceptibility of getting heart diseases (McArdle et al, 2010). Performing higher physical activity or aerobic exercise alone has been proven to increase cardiovascular fitness (Kemmler et al, 2004;Suter et al, 1994) and improve lipid profile (Isler et al, 2001;Kannan et al, 2014). Performing exercise can also improve antioxidant adaptation (Goon et al, 2009;Onur et al, 2011) and reduce oxidative damage markers (Goon et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

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2017

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Abstract:Problem Statement: Sedentary lifestyle predispose an individual to a number of chronic disease. Adopting a physically healthy lifestyle along with a consumption of nutritional supplementation is a strategy towards improving health related quality of life.Purpose: We aimed to investigate the combined effects of oat bran consumption and jogging exercise on aerobic capacity, lipid profile and antioxidant status in young sedentary males. Methods: Forty seven sedentary male university students with mean age 20.9 ± 1.7 years were recruited. They were randomly assigned to sedentary control (C), oat bran supplementation alone (O), exercise alone (J) and combined oat bran and exercise (OJ) groups. The participants in O and OJ groups consumed 18 g of oat bran powder which contains 3.6 g of β-glucan daily for 8 weeks. The participants in J and OJ groups performed jogging exercise with moderate intensity, i.e. 55% to 70% of their age-predicted HR max , 30 min per day, 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Participants' body composition, predicted maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ), lipid profile and antioxidant status were measured pre-and post-tests. Results: In the O group, there were significant decreases in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. In the J group, there were a significant increase in predicted VO 2max and decreases in TC and LDL-C. In the OJ group, there were significant decrease in percentage of body fat, increase in predicted VO 2max , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and SOD activity, and decreases in triglycerides (TG) and LDL-C. Conclusions: Eight weeks of regular jogging exercise combined with daily oat bran consumption elicited more beneficial effects on improving body composition, aerobic capacity, lipid profiles and SOD activity in young sedentary males.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

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2017

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“…A 6-month resistive training program has been shown to increase muscle mass and improve BMD in the femoral region in healthy young and older adults (Ryan et al 2004). The beneficial effects of resistive or aerobic exercises on bone health in the femoral region have been reported in other studies [68][69][70][71][72]. So far, no study has been conducted to examine the effects of different forms of exercise training on bone health and soft tissue composition in individuals with stroke.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Reduced hip bone mineral density is related to physical fitness and leg lean mass in ambulatory individuals with chronic stroke

et al. 2005

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Following a stroke, reduced level of physical activity and functional use of the paretic leg may lead to bone loss and muscle atrophy. These factors and the high incidence of falls may contribute to hip fractures in the stroke population. This study was the first to examine total proximal femur bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) and their relationship to strokespecific impairments in ambulatory individuals with chronic stroke (onset >1 year). We utilized dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to acquire proximal femur and total body scans on 58 (23 women) community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke. We report total proximal femur BMC (g) and BMD (g/cm 2 ) derived from the proximal femur scans, and lean mass (g) and fat mass (g) for each leg derived from the total body scans. Each subject was evaluated for ambulatory capacity (Six Minute Walk Test), knee extension strength (hand-held dynamometry), physical fitness [Maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max)], and spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale). Results showed that the paretic leg had significantly lower proximal femur BMD, lean mass, and percent lean mass but higher fat mass than the non-paretic leg for both men and women. Proximal femur BMD of the paretic leg was significantly related to ambulatory capacity (r=0.33, p=0.011), muscle strength (r=0.39, p=0.002), physical fitness (r=0.57, p<0.001) but not related to spasticity (r= −0.23, p=0.080). Multiple regression analysis showed that lean mass in the paretic leg was a major predictor (R 2 =0.371, p<0.001) of the paretic proximal femur BMD. VO 2 max was a significant predictor of both paretic proximal femur BMD (R 2 =0.325, p<0.001) and lean mass in the paretic leg (R 2 =0.700, p<0.001). Further study is required to determine whether increasing physical fitness and lean mass is important to improve hip bone health in chronic stroke.

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“…Mechanical loading is essential to maintain bone mineral [17]. Regular skeletal-loading exercise is an effective intervention to improve bone health in older healthy individuals [18,19,20,21,22]. However, little is known about the response of bone geometry to exercise in people with stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 19-week exercise program for people with chronic stroke enhances bone geometry at the tibia: a peripheral quantitative computed tomography study

et al. 2006

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Introduction and Hypothesis-Regular skeletal-loading exercise is an effective intervention to improve bone health in older individuals. However, little is known about the bone responses to exercise in people with stroke. Following a stroke, muscle atrophy and bone loss occurs. Diminished areal bone mineral density combined with an increased number of falls substantially enhances the risk for a fragility fracture. We undertook a randomized controlled intervention trial to assess the impact of a 19-week comprehensive exercise program on lower extremity bone health in people with chronic stroke.

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Benefits of 2 Years of Intense Exercise on Bone Density, Physical Fitness, and Blood Lipids in Early Postmenopausal Osteopenic Women

Abstract: General purpose exercise programs with special emphasis on bone density can significantly improve strength and endurance and reduce bone loss, back pain, and lipid levels in osteopenic women in their critical early postmenopausal years.

Cited by 228 publications

References 27 publications

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Reduced hip bone mineral density is related to physical fitness and leg lean mass in ambulatory individuals with chronic stroke

A 19-week exercise program for people with chronic stroke enhances bone geometry at the tibia: a peripheral quantitative computed tomography study

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