Benefits and cost implications from integrating small flexible nuclear reactors with off-shore wind farms in a virtual power plant

Shropshire, David; Purviņš, Artūrs; Papaioannou, Ioulia; Isabella, Maschio

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.04.037

Cited by 44 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Matteo [6] considers electric vehicles into VPP optimal model so as to participate in short-term power market, aiming to sell electricity during peak electricity and storage energy during valley electricity. VPP model, constructed by Shropshire [7], contains a coastal wind farm and a small medium scaled nuclear power plant. Michiel [8] appends a micro-gas turbine into VPP to balance the volatility of wind generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-level optimal dispatch in the Virtual Power Plant considering uncertain agents number

Jiao

Wang

et al. 2015

Neurocomputing

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bi-level optimal dispatch in the Virtual Power Plant considering uncertain agents number

Jiao

Wang

et al. 2015

Neurocomputing

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“…Shayeghi et al [24] presented an optimal integrated participation model of wind and photovoltaic power generation (PV) energy, including storage devices and dispatchable distributed generation to increase their revenues. Shropshire et al [25] constructed an optimal scheduling model of a virtual power plant including offshore wind farms and small nuclear power plants. Riveros et al [26] presented a methodology to evaluate the optimal bidding strategy of a VPP coupled with district heating and renewable energy sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CVaR-Robust Risk Aversion Scheduling Model for Virtual Power Plants Connected with Wind-Photovoltaic-Hydropower-Energy Storage Systems, Conventional Gas Turbines and Incentive-Based Demand Responses

Tan

et al. 2018

Energies

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To make full use of distributed energy resources to meet load demand, this study aggregated wind power plants (WPPs), photovoltaic power generation (PV), small hydropower stations (SHSs), energy storage systems (ESSs), conventional gas turbines (CGTs) and incentive-based demand responses (IBDRs) into a virtual power plant (VPP) with price-based demand response (PBDR). Firstly, a basic scheduling model for the VPP was proposed in this study with the objective of the maximum operation revenue. Secondly, a risk aversion model for the VPP was constructed based on the conditional value at risk (CVaR) method and robust optimization theory considering the operating risk from WPP and PV. Thirdly, a solution methodology was constructed and three cases were considered for comparative analyses. Finally, an independent micro-grid on an industrial park in East China was utilized for an example analysis. The results show the following: (1) the proposed risk aversion scheduling model could cope with the uncertainty risk via a reasonable confidence degree β and robust coefficient Γ. When Γ ≤ 0.85 or Γ ≥ 0.95, a small uncertainty brought great risk, indicating that the risk attitude of the decision maker will affect the scheduling scheme of the VPP, and the decision maker belongs to the risk extreme aversion type. When Γ ∈ (0.85, 0.95), the decision-making scheme was in a stable state, the growth of β lead to the increase of CVaR, but the magnitude was not large. When the prediction error e was higher, the value of CVaR increased more when Γ increased by the same magnitude, which indicates that a lower prediction accuracy will amplify the uncertainty risk. (2) when the capacity ratio of (WPP, PV): ESS was higher than 1.5:1 and the peak-to-valley price gap was higher than 3:1, the values of revenue, VaR, and CVaR changed slower, indicating that both ESS and PBDR can improve the operating revenue, but the capacity scale of ESS and the peak-valley price gap need to be set properly, considering both economic benefits and operating risks. Therefore, the proposed risk aversion model could maximize the utilization of clean energy to obtain higher economic benefits while rationally controlling risks and provide reliable decision support for developing optimal operation plans for the VPP.

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“…The study of simultaneous integration of wind and large nuclear capacity is not widely discussed in the literature. Shropshire et al [11] hypothesizes the combination of flexible small and medium-sized reactors (SMR) in integrating wind by employing a virtual power plant. However, in this contribution, we examine the case of a typical nuclear fleet employed as large-scale baseload power plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Integration into Energy Systems with a High Share of Nuclear Power—What Are the Compromises?

2015

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Towards low-carbon energy systems, there are countries with ongoing plans for expanding their nuclear power capacity, and simultaneously advancing the role of variable renewable energy sources (RES), namely wind and solar energy. This crossroads of capital-intensive, baseload power production and uncontrollable, intermittent RES may entail new challenges in the optimal and economic operation of power systems. This study examines this case by hourly analysis of a national-level energy system with the EnergyPLAN modeling tool, coupled with wind integration simulations (including uncertainty) implemented using MATLAB. We evaluate the maximum feasible wind integration under different scenarios for nuclear power plants, energy demand, and the flexibility of energy infrastructure for a real case study (Finland). We propose wind-nuclear compromise charts to envision the impact of any mix of these two technologies on four parameters: total costs, power exchange, carbon emissions, and renewable energy integration. The results suggest that nuclear power constrains the room for maximum uptake of wind energy by a descending parabolic relationship. If nuclear power production exceeds 50% of the total power demand, wind will be unlikely to penetrate in shares over 15% of the respective demand. Moreover, we investigate the role of four flexibility options: demand side management, electrical energy storage, smart electric heating, and large-scale heat pumps (backed with thermal energy storage). Heat pumps (which are in connection with combined heat and power (CHP) and district heating systems) offer the highest efficiency in balancing excess power from variable RES. However, power-to-heat options offer a limited OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 2494 capability for absorbing high-level excess power, as oversupply arises mainly in the periods with relatively low demand for heat. This calls for longer-term energy storage and/or other flexibility options to achieve the planned targets in wind-nuclear scenarios.

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Benefits and cost implications from integrating small flexible nuclear reactors with off-shore wind farms in a virtual power plant

Cited by 44 publications

References 6 publications

Bi-level optimal dispatch in the Virtual Power Plant considering uncertain agents number

Bi-level optimal dispatch in the Virtual Power Plant considering uncertain agents number

A CVaR-Robust Risk Aversion Scheduling Model for Virtual Power Plants Connected with Wind-Photovoltaic-Hydropower-Energy Storage Systems, Conventional Gas Turbines and Incentive-Based Demand Responses

Wind Integration into Energy Systems with a High Share of Nuclear Power—What Are the Compromises?

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