OBJECTIVETo determine insulin dose adjustments required for coverage of high-fat, highprotein (HFHP) meals in type 1 diabetes (T1D).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSTen adults with T1D received low-fat, low-protein (LFLP) and HFHP meals with identical carbohydrate content, covered with identical insulin doses. On subsequent occasions, subjects repeated the HFHP meal with an adaptive modelpredictive insulin bolus until target postprandial glycemic control was achieved.
RESULTSWith the same insulin dose, the HFHP increased the glucose incremental area under the curve over twofold (13,320 6 2,960 vs. 27,092 6 1,709 mg/dL · min; P = 0.0013). To achieve target glucose control following the HFHP, 65% more insulin was required (range 17%-124%) with a 30%/70% split over 2.4 h.
CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that insulin dose calculations need to consider meal composition in addition to carbohydrate content and provides the foundation for new insulin-dosing algorithms to cover meals of varying macronutrient composition.Studies have demonstrated that dietary fat and protein cause postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (1), but definitive experimental data to guide clinical practice recommendations on how to adjust prandial insulin doses for higher fat and higher protein meals are lacking.The objective of the current study was to 1) determine the incremental differences in postprandial glycemia following a high-fat, high-protein (HFHP) meal compared with a low-fat, low-protein (LFLP) meal with identical carbohydrate content and 2) determine how insulin doses should be adjusted to cover the HFHP meal.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
SubjectsTen adults with T1D using insulin pump and continuous glucose monitoring, aged 18-75 years, with T1D for .3 years, using an insulin pump for .6 months, and with