Benefit-cost analysis of a H7N9 vaccination program in poultry in Guangxi, China

Current evidence of the economic value of One Health initiatives: A systematic literature review

“… One Health initiative and level of implementation Sectors involved in the initiative One Health JPA action track ⁎ addressed Economic evaluation method Type and quantification of positive economic value. For all studies the counterfactual for evaluation was a uni-sectoral initiative H7N9 vaccination program in poultry in Guangxi, China implemented in multiple provinces/states [ 20 ] Human health, agricultural/veterinary services Action track 2 CBA (ex-post) BCR ⁎⁎ of the three-year H7N9 vaccination program was 18.6 (90 %PI: 15.4; 21.8) Total NPV ⁎⁎⁎ reached CNY 1.63 billion (90 %PI: 1.37 billion; 1.89 billion) Combining drug and environmental treatments for environmentally transmitted NTDs (using schistosomiasis as case study), in Senegal implemented at local level [ 21 ] Human health and environment services Action track 3 CBA (ex-ante) Implementing environmental controls with mass drug administration (MDA) can significantly reduce the time span over which one has to administer drug treatment, resulting in about a 10% reduction in MDA expenditures. Human health benefits from livestock vaccination for brucellosis, in Mongolia implemented at national level [ 22 ] Human health, agricultural/veterinary services Action track 3 CEA (ex-post) Societal average BCR ⁎⁎ of 3.2 (95% CI 2.27–4.37) over ten-year mass vaccination program Integrated control program for Taenia solium, soil transmitted helminths (STH) and classical swine fever in northern Lao PDR implemented at local level [ 23 ] Human health, agricultural/veterinary services Action track 3 CEA (ex-post) US $14 per DALY a averted for all combined interventions i.e., cysticercosis in humans and pigs, STH in humans and CSF in pigs (classified as very cost-effective based on WHO cost-effectiveness thresholds) over 1.5-year program Dog anthelmintic prophylaxis combined with a sheep and goat vaccination program for echinococcosis control in the Tibetan Plateau [ 24 ] Human health, agricultural/veterinary services Action track 3 CEA (ex-ante) U.S.$106.88 per DALY a averted (95% CI U.S.$88.63–127.99) with the proposed dog deworming and sheep and goat vaccination program over five-year period ...…”

“… Likewise, underreporting and/or poor data collection of human health cases was described as a limitation in studies. Available data was not always representative of the country [ 32 , 40 ], and was unable to support the estimation of underreported cases or change in incidence and prevalence following an intervention, leading to underestimation of costs and/or benefits [ 20 , 41 , [45] , [46] , [47] ]. Reasons for unreliable data reported were that not all cases seek healthcare [ 20 ], some diseases studied are not notifiable and therefore, are not recorded or result in asymptomatic infections [ 48 ].…”

“…Available data was not always representative of the country [ 32 , 40 ], and was unable to support the estimation of underreported cases or change in incidence and prevalence following an intervention, leading to underestimation of costs and/or benefits [ 20 , 41 , [45] , [46] , [47] ]. Reasons for unreliable data reported were that not all cases seek healthcare [ 20 ], some diseases studied are not notifiable and therefore, are not recorded or result in asymptomatic infections [ 48 ]. If no national data is available, studies use data from similar-context country studies [ 31 , 49 ], secondary data [ 23 , 50 ] or depend largely on expert opinion [ 37 , 51 , 52 ].…”

“…Action track 1 was considered cross-cutting. Most studies relating to action track 2 demonstrated positive economic outcomes [ 20 , 53 , 65 , 90 , 91 ] but no added value of One Health. Many of these studies referred to One Health initiatives implemented at a global scale using modelling techniques.…”