Beneficiation of nickeliferous laterite by reduction roasting in the presence of sodium sulfate

Li, Guanghui; Tangming, Shi; Rao, Mingjun; Jiang, Tao; Zhang, Yuanbo

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2012.03.012

Cited by 178 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The optimal Na 2 SO 4 dosages obtained in this work are lower than those reported in a previous study, which required about 15% Na 2 SO 4 . 13,16,18) Thus, higher Na 2 SO 4 dosages lead to lowgrade TiO 2 in the non-magnetic product and introduction of more sulfur impurities to the products.…”

Section: Effect Of Na 2 So 4 Dosage On the Separation Of Titanium Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When Na 2 SO 4 is roasted under a reducing atmosphere, reaction (I) and (III) occurs, and FeS (troilite) maybe forms by reaction (II) and (IV). 16,17) Nepheline (e) and troilite (f) peaks are illustrated in Figs. 3(5)-3(6).…”

Section: Phase Transformation Of the Roasted Pellets With Different Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work, the beach TTM concentrate, binder, and additives are pressed into pellets and then completely embedded into the coal to avoid the impact of coal ash and ensure excellent reduction conditions. Several researchers [16][17][18] have shown that Na 2 SO 4 can be used as an additive in the direct reductions of laterite nickel ore, highaluminum iron ore, and red mud to decrease the impurity content of the resultant DRI powder. Therefore, Na 2 SO 4 was used as an additive in the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Na2SO4 on the Embedding Direct Reduction of Beach Titanomagnetite and the Separation of Titanium and Iron by Magnetic Separation

et al. 2015

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A novel process for separating iron and titanium from Indonesian beach titanomagnetite (TTM) concentrates is proposed. This process involves several steps, including mixing the TTM concentrate and additive, pressing the mixture into pellets, embedding direct reduction of the pellets, and magnetic separation. Given that coal and additives are the main factors influencing the coal-based direct reduction of beach TTM, this study employed embedding reduction, where pellets are embedded under the coal to be reduced, and Na 2 SO 4 was used as an additive. The best result was obtained when the Na 2 SO 4 dosage was 4%, and the direct reduction iron powder (DRI powder) with an iron grade of 94.45%, iron recovery of 85.18%, and TiO 2 content of 0.44% were obtained. Titanium concentrate assay yielded 40.43% TiO 2 containing main titanium minerals of ilmenite and ferrous pseudobrookite. The results showed that a suitable Na 2 SO 4 addition (4-6%), DRI powder and titanium concentrate presented better iron recovery and TiO 2 grade as compared without addition, while this advantage disappeared as Na 2 SO 4 addition increased ( > 6%). The characteristics of roasted pellets were analyzed through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry. Results showed that FeS and nepheline are formed by addition of Na 2 SO 4 , thereby benefiting the migration and growth of metallic iron particles in the redox system and separation of titanium and iron. While a suitable dosage of Na 2 SO 4 could promote porosity and induce a reducing atmosphere, but more liquid phase formed by an excessive Na 2 SO 4 was unfavorable and caused expansion of the pellets.

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Section: Effect Of Na 2 So 4 Dosage On the Separation Of Titanium Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase Transformation Of the Roasted Pellets With Different Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Na2SO4 on the Embedding Direct Reduction of Beach Titanomagnetite and the Separation of Titanium and Iron by Magnetic Separation

et al. 2015

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“…Then, the chlorides evaporate and precipitate on the carbon particles of the coal surface, are reduced to metal and, nally, aggregate 27,31) . Another reason is that the high temperature facilitates mass transfer, especially that of iron and nickel ions, leading to the increase in the size of ferronickel particles 32) . However, the experimental results show that the nickel grade does not increase with the size of alloy particles.…”

Section: Effect Of Cacl 2 ·2h 2 O Dosage On Nickel Grade and Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Calcium Chloride Addition on Coal-Based Reduction Roasting of Low-Nickel Garnierite Ore

Dong

Wei

et al. 2017

Mater. Trans.

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This work investigates the in uence of calcium chloride addition on coal-based reduction roasting low-nickel garnierite ore, and which is most evident in nickel enrichment and ferronickel particles aggregation. The results demonstrate that a concentrate with 11.83% nickel, corresponding to a nickel recovery of 97.38%, was obtained when the ore was reduced at 1150 C for 40 min in the presence of 12 mass% CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O, followed by magnetic separation at 250 mT. Compared with the ore reduced without calcium chloride, the nickel enrichment ratio of the concentrate was increased from 3 to 14 by the addition of 12 mass% CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O. Duing to the vaporization of the nickel chloride formed and the emergence of a new reactive surface, the addition of calcium chloride makes NiO in the garnierite easier to be reduced. The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) studies show that metallic nickel was mainly enriched into a kamacite phase, and the presence of CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O signi cantly accelerated the aggregation and growth of ferronickel particles, attributing to the vaporization and precipitation of nickel chloride on carbon surface together with ferrou chloride.

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“…The recent studies indicated that metallization reductive roasting followed by magnetic separation is efficient for separating and recovering iron from refractory iron-containing ores, and sodium salts (e.g., sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate) are the appropriate additives for improving the iron separation in the process [16][17][18][19][20][21]. A recent study by the authors [22] has confirmed that 92.51% of iron was separated and a powdered direct reduction iron (DRI) with 88.17% total iron content (TFe) was obtained under the optimal conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestion of Alumina from Non-Magnetic Material Obtained from Magnetic Separation of Reduced Iron-Rich Diasporic Bauxite with Sodium Salts

Jiang

et al. 2016

Metals

Self Cite

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Abstract:Recovery of iron from iron-rich diasporic bauxite ore via reductive roasting followed by magnetic separation has been explored recently. However, the efficiency of alumina extraction in the non-magnetic materials is absent. In this paper, a further study on the digestion of alumina by the Bayer process from non-magnetic material obtained after magnetic separation of reduced iron-rich diasporic bauxite with sodium salts was investigated. The results indicate that the addition of sodium salts can destroy the original occurrences of iron-, aluminum-and silicon-containing minerals of bauxite ore during reductive roasting. Meanwhile, the reactions of sodium salts with complex aluminum-and silicon-bearing phases generate diaoyudaoite and sodium aluminosilicate. The separation of iron via reductive roasting of bauxite ore with sodium salts followed by magnetic separation improves alumina digestion in the Bayer process. When the alumina-bearing material in bauxite ore is converted into non-magnetic material, the digestion temperature decreases significantly from 280 • C to 240 • C with a nearly 99% relative digestion ratio of alumina.

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Beneficiation of nickeliferous laterite by reduction roasting in the presence of sodium sulfate

Cited by 178 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on the Embedding Direct Reduction of Beach Titanomagnetite and the Separation of Titanium and Iron by Magnetic Separation

Effect of Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on the Embedding Direct Reduction of Beach Titanomagnetite and the Separation of Titanium and Iron by Magnetic Separation

Influence of Calcium Chloride Addition on Coal-Based Reduction Roasting of Low-Nickel Garnierite Ore

Digestion of Alumina from Non-Magnetic Material Obtained from Magnetic Separation of Reduced Iron-Rich Diasporic Bauxite with Sodium Salts

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