Beneficial metabolic effects of selected probiotics on diet‐induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice are associated with improvement of dysbiotic gut microbiota

Abstract

Alterations in gut microbiota composition and diversity were suggested to play a role in the development of obesity, a chronic subclinical inflammatory condition. We here evaluated the impact of oral consumption of a monostrain or multi-strain probiotic preparation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. We observed a strain-specific effect and reported dissociation between the capacity of probiotics to dampen adipose tissue inflammation and to limit body weight gain. A multi-strain mixture was able to improve adiposity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia through adipose tissue immune cell-remodelling, mainly affecting macrophages. At the gut level, the mixture modified the uptake of fatty acids and restored the expression level of the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43. These beneficial effects were associated with changes in the microbiota composition, such as the restoration of the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila and Rikenellaceae and the decrease of other taxa like Lactobacillaceae. Using an in vitro gut model, we further showed that the probiotic mixture favours the production of butyrate and propionate. Our findings provide crucial clues for the design and use of more efficient probiotic preparations in obesity management and may bring new insights into the mechanisms by which host-microbe interactions govern such protective effects.

Free Fatty Acids Profiles Are Related to Gut Microbiota Signatures and Short-Chain Fatty Acids

“…A recent work shows opposite patterns upon mucin usage as substrate by Lactobacillus and Akkermansia (56), thereby suggesting that trophic interactions may underlie, at least in part, these opposite trends of both microorganisms. Actually, a negative effect on Akkermansia levels in the gut upon administration of a probiotic mixture was observed when Lactobacillus , but not other probiotic bacteria, were added to the mixture (57). Conversely, Akkermansia has been shown to increase the production of the antimicrobial peptide RegIIIγ by colonic epithelial cells (35).…”

Gut Microbiota Modulation and Its Relationship with Obesity Using Prebiotic Fibers and Probiotics: A Review

“…Similar findings were also conducted by others. Alard et al (2016) showed that adiposity dampens the effect of probiotics, which are linked to the improvement of dysbiotic gut microbiota. They observed that feeding a probiotic strain restores the abundance of A. muciniphila and Rikenellaceae and decreases Lactobacillaceae .…”

“…They observed that feeding a probiotic strain restores the abundance of A. muciniphila and Rikenellaceae and decreases Lactobacillaceae . These gut-associated alterations are linked with improvement in other pathological parameters and obesity (Alard et al, 2016). Recently, Park et al (2017) demonstrated that feeding of a probiotic strain L. plantarum HAC01 to HFD mice resulted in reduction of body weight, fat mesenteric fat, and other biomarkers associated with obesity.…”

Strategies to promote abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, an emerging probiotics in the gut, evidence from dietary intervention studies

“…lactis LMG P-28149 for 14 weeks (5 days/week, 5 × 10 8 CFU of each strain in PBS) increased A. muciniphila abundance in the fecal content of the high-fat-fed DIO mice by approximately 100 fold (from 10 6.5 /g feces on high-fat-fed group to 10 8.5 /g feces in high-fat plus probiotics group) (Alard et al, 2016). In this study, a significant inverse correlation was detected between the body weight gain and the abundance of A. muciniphila ( P < 0.001) which is consistent to other intervention studies (Everard et al, 2013; Shin et al, 2014).…”

“…It is likely the strain of B. animalis subsp. lactis LMG P-28149 not L. rhamnosus LMG S-28148 exert such an A. muciniphila -promoting effect since the authors further conducted a 7-week feeding study on individual strains (10 9 CFU each) with the same protocol and found that the benefits of the mix probiotics was attributed to B. animalis not L. rhamnosus (Alard et al, 2016), though the mechanisms are unclear. Interestingly, previous studies showed that A. muciniphila supplementation did not change the gut microbiota profile in DIO mice and Apoe−/−mice (Li et al, 2016), suggesting that A. muciniphila does not directly interact with other gut bacteria.…”