Beneficial metabolic effects of regular meal frequency on dietary thermogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and fasting lipid profiles in healthy obese women1–3

Farshchi, Hamid R; Taylor, Moira A.; Macdonald, Ian A.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.1.16

Cited by 222 publications

(244 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Irregular meal frequency was also associated with higher fasting total and LDL-cholesterol (P < 0·01) suggesting that the irregular meal routine appeared to produce a degree of impaired insulin resistance and higher fasting lipid profiles. In the obese women (BMI 37·1 (SD 4·8) kg/m 2 ), results were very similar to what was found in lean women, with no effect on fasting glucose and insulin, but peak insulin responses to a test meal lower after the regular meal pattern than after the irregular meal pattern (43) . In addition, the regular eating frequency was associated with lower energy intake, greater postprandial thermogenesis and lower fasting total and LDL-cholesterol (43) .…”

Section: Randomised Controlled Trialssupporting

confidence: 79%

Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies

2016

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Studying irregular meal patterns fits in with the latest research focusing not only on what people eat but also when they eat, also called chrono-nutrition. Chrono-nutrition involves studying the impact of nutrition on metabolism via circadian patterns, including three aspects of time: (ir)regularity, frequency and clock time. The present paper aimed to narratively review research on irregular meal patterns and cardiometabolic consequences. Only few cross-sectional studies and prospective cohort studies were identified, and most of these suggested that eating meals irregularly is associated with a higher risk of the metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors, including BMI and blood pressure. This was supported by two randomised controlled intervention studies showing that consuming meals regularly for 2 weeks v. an irregular meal pattern, led to beneficial impact on cardiometabolic risk factors as lower peak insulin, lower fasting total and LDL-cholesterol, both in lean and obese women. In conclusion, the limited evidence on meal regularity and cardiometabolic consequences supports the hypothesis that consuming meals irregularly is adversely associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, it also highlights the need for more large-scale studies, including detailed dietary assessment to further advance the understanding of the impact of chrono-nutrition on public health.

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Section: Randomised Controlled Trialssupporting

confidence: 79%

Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies

2016

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“…54 The regularity of meals has a positive impact on the homeostatic balance and the prevention of diseases. 55 Poor food intake with fast food, chips, biscuits, pasta, and other foods of low nutritional quality, or infrequency in the first meal of the day were related to higher BMI, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. 55,56 Emotions are closely related to food.…”

Section: Interventions In Healthcare Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…55 Poor food intake with fast food, chips, biscuits, pasta, and other foods of low nutritional quality, or infrequency in the first meal of the day were related to higher BMI, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. 55,56 Emotions are closely related to food. Negative mood disorders such as anxiety, depression, anger, loneliness, abandonment, and unemployment, among others, can lead to an increase in the consumption of foods with high caloric density.…”

Section: Interventions In Healthcare Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Educational strategies for the prevention of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity

Machado

Lima

Laureano

et al. 2016

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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Objective:The main goal of this work was to produce a review of educational strategies to prevent diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Method: PubMed database was consulted using combined descriptors such as [Prevention] Results: A total of 8,908 articles were found, of which 1,539 were selected about diabetes mellitus (DM, n=369), arterial systemic hypertension (ASH, n=200), and obesity (OBES, n=970). The number of free full text articles available was 1,075 (DM = 276, ASH = 118 and OBES = 681). In most of these studies, demographic characteristics such as gender and age were randomized, and the population mainly composed by students, ethnic groups, family members, pregnant, health or education professionals, patients with chronic diseases (DM, ASH, OBES) or other comorbidities. Group dynamics, physical activity practices, nutritional education, questionnaires, interviews, employment of new technologies, people training and workshops were the main intervention strategies used. Conclusion:The most efficient interventions occurred at community level, whenever the intervention was permanent or maintained for long periods, and relied on the continuous education of community health workers that had a constant interference inside the population covered. Many studies focused their actions in children and adolescents, especially on students, because they were more influenced by educational activities of prevention, and the knowledge acquired by them would spread more easily to their family and to society.

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“…However, other researchers have concluded that regular eating episodes can actually help with weight management and improve insulin sensitivity in obese women (Farshchi et al, 2005) and propose that the same would also be true for women with PCOS. Drummond et al (1998), using a similar methodology to the current study, reported that women in the general population had a mean of 4.4 eating episodes per day (excluding drinks), lower than the eating frequencies for women with PCOS reported here (five eating episodes per day (excluding drinks)).…”

Section: Recommendation For the Modification Of Dietary Fat Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Habitual dietary intake, eating pattern and physical activity of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

et al. 2011

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Background/Objective: Diet and lifestyle modifications may be of benefit in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but there is a paucity of data on these behaviours in women with PCOS. This study aims to address this through a comprehensive investigation of the habitual diet and activity patterns of UK women with PCOS and their alignment with dietary recommendations for health. Subjects/Methods: A 7-day-estimated food and activity diary and questionnaire was completed by 210 women with PCOS for calculation of activity levels, energy and nutrient intakes and dietary glycaemic index (GI). Results: Mean (s.d.) body mass index (BMI) was 27.4 (7.3) kg/m 2 (n ¼ 183), with 53% of women with PCOS having a BMI425 kg/m 2 . Of the overweight women, approximately half were not achieving sufficient physical activity to promote weight loss. More frequent eating episodes and a lower BMI were weakly associated (r ¼ À0.158, P ¼ 0.034). Mean percentage energy from fat was 38 (7)% (12% energy from saturated fat), with 68% of women with PCOS consuming 4 35% energy from fat. Mean dietary GI was higher in obese women with PCOS, compared with healthy weight women with PCOS (55.7 (3.4) and 53.8 (4.0), respectively; P ¼ 0.043). Conclusion: Many women with PCOS are not achieving dietary intakes and levels of physical activity that optimise symptom management and disease prevention. Advice should focus on fat quality and quantity and carbohydrate modification. There is a need for further robust research into the role of dietary GI in the PCOS population.

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Beneficial metabolic effects of regular meal frequency on dietary thermogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and fasting lipid profiles in healthy obese women1–3

Abstract: Regular eating has beneficial effects on fasting lipid and postprandial insulin profiles and thermogenesis.

Cited by 222 publications

References 48 publications

Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies

Meal irregularity and cardiometabolic consequences: results from observational and intervention studies

Educational strategies for the prevention of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity

Habitual dietary intake, eating pattern and physical activity of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

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