Beneficial influence of an indigenous low-iron diet on serum indicators of iron status in patients with chronic liver disease

Abstract

The main Fe storage organ in the body is the liver. In patients with chronic liver disease, secondary Fe overload is common. Phlebotomy, often used in the West to reduce Fe overload to improve the efficacy of interferon therapy, is not socially acceptable in India. We assessed the efficacy of a low-Fe diet in reducing serum Fe levels. Nineteen patients with hepatitis B-and C-related chronic liver disease, ten with normal (Ͻ 25 mol/l) baseline serum Fe levels (group A) and nine with high (Ͼ 25 mol/l) serum Fe levels (group B) were included. All the subjects were advised to eat a low-Fe diet. The daily Fe intake was reduced approximately 50 % by consumption of the rice-based diet. Haemoglobin, serum Fe, transferrin saturation index (TSI), ferritin and alanine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2) levels were studied at 1 and 4 months. Dietary Fe intake and body weight were closely monitored. All patients complied with the dietary regimen and at 4 months significant (P Ͻ 0⋅001) reductions from baseline were seen in serum Fe (20 (SD 3) v. 12 (SD 4) mol/l group A; 30 (SD 3) v. 19 (SD 7) mol/l group B) and TSI (38 (SD 8) v. 23 (SD 9) % group A; 53 (SD 15) v. 34 (SD 13) %, group B) in both the groups, albeit earlier in group B subjects. Serum ferritin levels, however, reduced only in group A (112 (SD 62) v. 43 (SD 25) ng/ml, P Ͻ 0⋅05) and not in group B. Non-significant reductions in haemoglobin levels were seen in both groups. Alanine transaminase levels reduced significantly (P Ͻ 0⋅05) in both the groups (95 (SD 49) v. 44 (SD 25) IU/l, group A; 82 (SD 16) v. 51 (SD 14) IU/l group B). Thus, a low-Fe diet results in significant reductions in serum Fe and TSI levels, irrespective of baseline Fe levels. This diet should be evaluated to improve the efficacy of interferon therapy in patients with hepatitis B-and C-related chronic liver disease.

Effects of Dietary Iron Reduction Versus Phlebotomy in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: Results from a Randomized, Controlled Trial on 40 Japanese Patients

“…1). Similar to our findings, a recent study from India (14) has shown that a lowiron diet for 4 months led to significant reductions in both transaminase activities and iron parameters in patients with hepatitis B-or C-related chronic liver diseases. Though (17,20,21 …”

Iron chelator deferasirox rescued mice from Fas‐induced fulminant hepatitis

“…In addition, iron deposits in the liver were associated with high activity and severity of hepatitis B 17 . Furthermore, consumption of a low‐iron diet has been found to reduce alanine transaminase levels in patients with HBV infection 18 …”

What should we advise about adjunctive therapies, including herbal medicines, for hepatitis C?

“…Tandon et al have recently shown that a special low‐iron vegetarian diet was able to significantly reduce the serum iron and ferritin levels ( Table 3). 22 The reduction in the iron parameters was proportionally greater in patients who had higher baseline serum iron and ferritin levels.…”