Beneficial Effects of Olive Oil on the Rats’ Cerebellum: Functional and Structural Evidence

Noorafshan, Ali; Asadi-Golshan, Reza; Erfanizadeh, Mahboobeh; Karbalay‐Doust, Saied

doi:10.2478/folmed-2018-0022

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Moreover, body injuries and lesion on the back and tail of mice have been seen in the all groups of SB treated compare with the control, and they may be a result of aggressive and fighting behavior, in agreement with the previous reports by Noorafshan et al …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Benzoic acid and SB are extensively used preservatives in dietary food products, but chronic exposure in vivo studies to evaluate their effects are limited to report about reduced growth and feed intake in mice and rats . Furthermore, short time exposure caused some harmful effects on rat liver and kidney functions, anxiety, and motor impairment in rats …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, it has been reported that SB is able to induce neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and teratogenicities during early embryogenesis of zebrafish larvae . There are increasing evidence suggesting that a high intake of SB would be associated with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‐related symptoms in young children . However, evidence from some experimental studies have supported the benefits of SB as a metabolite of cinnamon, a widely used food spice and flavoring, in increasing the levels of neurotrophic factors such as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin‐3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of sodium benzoate, a commonly used food preservative, on learning, memory, and oxidative stress in brain of mice

Khoshnoud

Siavashpour

Bakhshizadeh

et al. 2017

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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Sodium benzoate (SB) is a widely used preservative and antimicrobial substance in many foods and soft drinks. However, this compound is generally recognized as safe food additives, but evidence has suggested that a high intake of SB may link to attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in children. Present study investigate the effects of oral administration of different concentrations of SB (0.56, 1.125, and 2.25 mg/mL) for 4 weeks, on the learning and memory performance tests, and also the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in the mouse brain. The results showed that SB significantly impaired memory and motor coordination. Moreover, SB decreased reduced GSH and increased the MDA level in the brain significantly (P < 0.001). However, nonsignificant alteration was observed in the AChE activity. These findings suggest that short-term consumption of SB can impair memory performance and increased brain oxidative stress in mice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of sodium benzoate, a commonly used food preservative, on learning, memory, and oxidative stress in brain of mice

Khoshnoud

Siavashpour

Bakhshizadeh

et al. 2017

J Biochem & Molecular Tox

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“…Cerebellar total volume has been stereologically assessed in humans, with males presenting a value of 120.5 ± 11.1 cm 3 , and females a value of 105.9 ± 11.2 cm 3 (Taman, Kervancioglu, Kervancioglu, & Turhan, 2019). The corresponding published values for rabbits (Karabekir et al, 2014) and rats (Noorafshan, Asadi-Golshan, Erfanizadeh, & Karbalay-Doust, 2018) are 0.69 ± 0.03, and 0.08 ± 0.004 cm 3 for the volume of each cerebellar hemisphere, respectively. If analysing the mean volumetric data reported above for the cerebella of the various species, it can be observed that the cat cerebellum presents a larger relative volume in relation to average body size for the species, in comparison with the rabbit and the rat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometrical study of the cat cerebellum using unbiased design‐based stereology

Sadeghinezhad

Asl

Saeidi

et al. 2020

Anat Histol Embryol

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the morphometrical features of the cat cerebellum using design-based stereology. Cerebellar hemispheres from four male cats were examined. Isotropic, uniform random sections were obtained and processed for light microscopy. Cerebellar total volume (V), white (WM) and grey matter (GM) volume fractions, and the volumes of the molecular and granular layers were measured using the Cavalieri's estimator and the point counting system. Cerebellar surface area was estimated using test lines, and Purkinje cellular and nuclear volumes were analysed using the nucleator technique. The volume of the cat cerebellar hemispheres was 2.06 ± 0.29 cm 3. The relative volume fractions of the GM and WM were 70.6 ± 2.6% and 29.3 ± 2.6%, respectively. The surface area of the cerebellar hemisphere was 68.2 ± 17.8 cm 2. The volumes of the molecular and granular layers were estimated at 0.89 ± 0.16 cm 3 and 0.56 ± 0.1 cm 3 , respectively. The Purkinje cell volumes were found to be ranging from 1,717 to 28,489 µm 3 , of which cells with a perikaryon volume of 6,994 µm 3 had a higher incidence. The Purkinje nuclear volume was estimated at 440-3,561 µm 3 , and nuclei with a volume of 1,252 µm 3 were the most frequently occurring ones. Our data might contribute to the veterinary comparative neuroanatomy knowledge, help develop experimental studies in this field, and possibly lead to advancement in the diagnosis and treatment of nervous diseases in the cat.

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“…Cerebellar total volume has been previously assessed by stereological techniques in other species such as humans, which exhibited a difference between sexes, with male cerebella measuring 120.5 ± 11.1 cm 3 in volume, while females 105.9 ± 11.2 cm 3 (Taman et al, 2020). Cerebellar volume has also been stereologically estimated in rabbits (Karabekir et al, 2014) and rats (Noorafshan et al, 2018), presenting volumes of 0.69 ± 0.03 cm 3 , and 0.080 ± 0.004 cm 3 for each cerebellar hemisphere, respectively, but also in cats (Sadeghinezhad et al, 2020), presenting a mean cerebellar hemisphere volume of 2.06 ± 0.29 cm 3 . When comparing total cerebellar volume (in cm 3 ) in relation to body weight (in kg) in each species, it appears that the guinea pigs of the present study have a cerebellar volume to body weight ratio of 0.9, which is consistent with the 0.8 calculated for the rat (Noorafshan et al, 2018), but greater than the 0.4 estimated for the rabbit (Karabekir et al, 2014), and less than an approximate 1.7 for an adult individual of average weight (Taman et al, 2020) and than the approximate 1.1 calculated for a medium‐sized cat (Sadeghinezhad et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design‐based stereological study of the guinea‐pig (Cavia porcellus) cerebellum

et al. 2021

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Guinea pigs have proved useful as experimental animal models in studying cerebellar anatomical and structural alterations in human neurological disease; however, they are also currently acquiring increasing veterinary interest as companion animals. The morphometric features of the normal cerebellum in guinea pigs have not been previously investigated using stereology. The objective of the present work was to establish normal volumetric and quantitative stereological parameters for cerebellar tissues in guinea pigs, by means of unbiased design‐based stereology. Cerebellar total volume, gray and white matter volume fractions, molecular and granular layers volume fractions, cerebellar surface area, Purkinje cellular and nuclear volumes, and the Purkinje cell total count were stereologically estimated. For this purpose, cerebellar hemispheres from six adult male guinea pigs were employed. Isotropic, uniform random sections were obtained by applying the orientator method, and subsequently processed for light microscopy. The cerebellar total volume, the white and grey matter volume fractions, and the molecular and granular layer volumes were estimated using the Cavalieri's principle and the point counting system. The cerebellar surface area was estimated through the use of test lines; Purkinje cellular and nuclear volumes were analysed using the nucleator technique, whereas the Purkinje cell total count was obtained by means of the optical disector technique. The mean ± standard deviation total volume of a guinea‐pig cerebellar hemisphere was 0.11 ± 0.01 cm3. The mean volumetric proportions occupied by the gray and white matters were, respectively, 78.0 ± 2.6% and 22.0 ± 2.6%, whereas their mean absolute volumes were found to be 0.21 ± 0.02 cm3 and 0.059 ± 0.006 cm3. The volumes of the molecular and granular layers were estimated at 112.4 ± 20.6 mm3 and 104.4 ± 7.3 mm3, whereas their mean thicknesses were calculated to be 0.184 ± 0.020 mm and 0.17 ± 0.02 mm. The molecular and granular layers accounted for 40.7 ± 3.9% and 37.4 ± 1.8% of total cerebellar volume respectively. The surface area of the cerebellum measured 611.4 ± 96.8 mm2. Purkinje cells with a cellular volume of 3210.1 µm3 and with a nuclear volume of 470.9 µm3 had a higher incidence of occurrence. The mean total number of Purkinje cells for a cerebellar hemisphere was calculated to be 253,090 ± 34,754. The morphometric data emerging from the present study provide a set of reference data which might prove valuable as basic anatomical contribution for practical applications in veterinary neurology.

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Beneficial Effects of Olive Oil on the Rats’ Cerebellum: Functional and Structural Evidence

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Effects of sodium benzoate, a commonly used food preservative, on learning, memory, and oxidative stress in brain of mice

Effects of sodium benzoate, a commonly used food preservative, on learning, memory, and oxidative stress in brain of mice

Morphometrical study of the cat cerebellum using unbiased design‐based stereology

Design‐based stereological study of the guinea‐pig (Cavia porcellus) cerebellum

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