Beneficial Effects of Holothuria leucospilota Polysaccharides on Fermentability In Vivo and In Vitro

Abstract

This work aimed to investigate the in-vitro and in-vivo fermentation behaviors of Holothuria leucospilota Polysaccharides (HLP) and the impact on mouse liver antioxidant activity. HLP showed excellent fermentability during in vitro experiments, which was characterized by increased levels of total sugar consumption and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). During in vitro fecal fermentation, the fucose contents in the HLP fermentation products (0.174 mg/mL) were higher than those of xylose and galactosamine during the first three hours, and fucose disappeared after 24 h. The concentrations of the generated SCFAs increased to 111.13 mmol/mL after in-vitro fermentation at 48 h. After 28 days of oral administration, the SCFA contents that were detected in the feces of mice treated with high HLP doses were significantly higher than those in the feces of mice treated with lower doses and the normal group. In addition, histological observations demonstrated that HLP increased the number of goblet cells without causing hepatocellular injury. Moreover, the increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activities and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the mouse livers treated with HLP suggested the good performance of HLP with respect to liver antioxidants.

Polysaccharide from Patinopecten yessoensis Skirt Boosts Immune Response via Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Metabolism in Mice

“…SCFAs are a series of metabolites of non-starch carbohydrates fermented by the gut microbiota that can provide nutrients for the host and have beneficial effects on the host health [37,38]. In this study, the SCFA contents in feces were determined on day 14 as shown in Figure 5.…”

Microbiome–Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Holothuria leucospilota Polysaccharides (HLP) in Ulcerative Colitis

“…The crude polysaccharides of H. leucospilota were extracted according to the previously published method with slight modification. [ 41 ] The crude polysaccharide of H. leucospilota (200 mg) dissolved in 0.1 m sodium acetate (10 mL) was separated by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)‐Sepharose Fast Flow and eluted by 1.5 m NaCl–0.1 m sodium acetate solution (column 1.6 cm × 30 cm, pH 5.0). Fractions were passed through a Sephadex G‐100 column (2.5 × 75 cm) and freeze‐dried to obtain HLP.…”

Holothuria leucospilota polysaccharides (HLP) ameliorate colitis rats via regulation of the metabolic profiling and TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathways

“…Published data have suggested that HLP consisted of three main monosaccharides: d ‐glucuronic acid, N ‐acetylgalactosamine, and fucose in the different mole ratios of 0.45:1.00:2.40 (Zhang et al., 2023). HLP have various biological activities, such as antiobesity, antioxidant, antidiabetic, relieving constipation, and immunomodulatory (Wang et al., 2021; Yuan et al., 2019; Zhao et al., 2020). Studies have shown that HLP regulated gut microbiota by fermentation in the gut (Zhang et al., 2023).…”