Beneficial effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on intestinal bacterial translocation, endotoxemia, and apoptosis in experimentally jaundiced rats1

Scopa, Chrisoula D.; Koureleas, S.; Tsamandas, Athanassios C.; Spiliopoulou, Iris; Alexandrides, Theodore K.; Filos, Kriton S.; Vagianos, Constantine

doi:10.1016/s1072-7515(99)00285-9

Cited by 82 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…2,3,13,14 Bacterial translocation from the intestinal mucosal barrier implicated in the pathophysiology of complications has been associated with obstructive jaundice. 3,4 Several factors have been proposed as promoters of bacterial translocation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on Bacterial Translocation in Rats with Obstructive Jaundice

Geyik

Aldemir

Hoşoğlu

et al. 2006

annals

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INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces boulardii treatment on preventing bacterial translocation in an obstructive jaundice animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty adult rats were divided into five groups: group 1 -the sham-operated group; group 2 -the common bile duct ligation group; group 3 -the S. boulardii group; group 4 -the ampicillin-sulbaktam group; and group 5 -the S. boulardii plus ampicillin-sulbaktam group. The saline, antibiotics and S. boulardii were given, respectively, for a 7-day period as a single dose per day via temporary orogastric intubation. Seven days following the obstructive jaundice, the animal had laparatomy under sterile conditions. Segments of ileum were removed for histopathological examination. Blood, liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were taken for microbiological culture. RESULTS Bacterial translocation rates were 0% in the sham-operated group, 83% in group 2, 42% in group 3, 42% in group 4 and 33% in group 5. Bacterial translocation significantly increased in group 2 compared to groups 3, 4 and 5 (P = 0.001). The bacterial counts (CFU/g) of group 2 were significantly higher than those of groups 3, 4 and 5 (P = 0.001). Histopathological examination of ileum specimens revealed a significant decrease in the heights of villi in groups 2-5 compared to the sham-operated group (P = 0.001). The mean villus height in groups 3 and 5 was significantly higher than that of group 4 (P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONS S. boulardii was found to be effective in the successful control of translocation and improvement of intestinal barrier function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on Bacterial Translocation in Rats with Obstructive Jaundice

Geyik

Aldemir

Hoşoğlu

et al. 2006

annals

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“…The intestinal mucosa has metabolic, endocrine and immunologic functions and serves as a major local defense barrier, preventing translocation of bacteria and endotoxins from the gut to extraintestinal tissues and blood (1). It has been shown that impairment of the intestinal mucosa barrier plays a critical role in the initiation of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, as well as in multiple organ failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been shown that impairment of the intestinal mucosa barrier plays a critical role in the initiation of multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, as well as in multiple organ failure. Growth hormone (GH), an anabolic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, is known to act on the gastrointestinal tract, maintaining the structure and function of intestinal mucosa (1). With a half-life of only 3 h, GH action is mostly mediated by GH-dependent hepatic production of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which has been defined as an important in-testinal growth factor (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effect of recombinant human growth hormone on the intestinal mucosa barrier of septic rats

Cao

Wang

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on the intestinal mucosa barrier of septic rats and explore its possible mechanism. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: control, Escherichia coli-induced sepsis (S) and treatment (T) groups. Groups S and T were subdivided into subgroups 1d and 3d, respectively. Expression of liver insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA, Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels and the intestinal Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and plasma GH and IGF-1 levels were determined. Histological examination of the intestine was performed and bacterial translocation was determined. rhGH significantly attenuated intestinal mucosal injuries and bacterial translocation in septic rats, markedly decreased Bax protein levels, inhibited the decrease of Bcl-2 protein expression and maintained the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in the intestine. rhGH given after sepsis significantly improved levels of plasma GH (T1d: 1.28 ± 0.24; T3d: 2.14 ± 0.48 µg/L vs S1d: 0.74 ± 0.12; S3d: 0.60 ± 0.18 µg/L; P < 0.05) and T3d: 201.56 ± 64.98 µg/L vs S1d: 116.72 ± 13.96; S3d: 107.50 ± 23.53 µg/L; P < 0.05) and expression of liver IGF-1 mRNA (T1d: 0.98 ± 0.20; T3d: 1.76 ± 0.17 vs S1d: 0.38 ± 0.09; S3d: 0.46 ± 0.10; P < 0.05). These findings indicate that treatment with rhGH had beneficial effects on the maintenance of the integrity of the intestinal mucosa barrier in septic rats.

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“…It is known that the bile inhibits intestinal bacteria development by lythic effects on the cell wall. This situation makes contribution to regulation of endogenous intestinal micro flora [9,10]. Additionally, the bile salts inactivate endotoxins by creating non-absorbable complexes with endotoxins [9,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This situation makes contribution to regulation of endogenous intestinal micro flora [9,10]. Additionally, the bile salts inactivate endotoxins by creating non-absorbable complexes with endotoxins [9,10]. Since the bile is not in the intestinal system on obstructive jaundice, the bacterial translocation occurs as the result of excessive bacterial reproduction and endotoxemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of beta-glucan in preventing bacterial translocation in a model of experimental obstructive jaundice

Polat¹,

Dinelek²

2012

CMJ

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Aim. Sepsis is the major cause of post-operative morbidity and mortality in obstructive jaundice as a result of bacterial translocation from the gut. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of beta-glucan in preventing bacterial translocation in an animal model where obstructive jaundice was developed by common bile duct ligation. Methods. Forty-five Wistar-albino rats were divided into three groups of fifteen animal each. Only laparotomy was administered to the first group. Bile duct ligation was administered to the second group. Bile duct ligation and oral beta-glucan for ten days were administered to the third group. The animals were sacrified at the end of the tenth day. Blood, liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes were cultured. The samples taken from terminal ileum and liver were examined histopathologically. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and C-reactive protein (CRP) analyses were done on the blood samples taken from the rats. Results. In the first group bacterial translocation was observed in one animal whereas bacterial translocation was observed in twelve animals in II'nd group. In third group bacterial translocation was determined in six animals that received beta-glucan. The differences between these three groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). According to biochemical data only the decrease of ALP and total bilirubin values between group two and three were statistically significant (p<0.05). After the histopathological examination of liver and terminal ileum, no significant difference between group two and three was observed (p>0.05). Conclusion. The result of this study showed that beta-glucan, as a natural immune system activator, has an effect in preventing bacterial translocation in obstructive jaundice. Keywords: Obstructive jaundice, bacterial translocation, beta-glucan ÖzetAmaç. Sepsis, barsaktan kaynaklanan bakteriyel translokasyonun bir sonucu olarak tıkanma sarılığında post-operatif morbidite ve mortalitenin en önemli sebebidir. Bu çalışma, ortak safra kanalı ligasyonu yoluyla tıkanma sarılığı geliştirilen bir hayvan modelinde bakteriyel translokasyonun önlenmesinde beta-glukanın etkisi araştırmak için yapılmıştir. Yöntem. Kırk beş adet Wister albino rat, her birinde onbeş hayvanın bulunduğu üç gruba ayrıldı. I.gruba sadece laparatomi yapıldı. II. gruba safra kanalı ligasyonu yapıldı. III. gruba ise safra kanalı ligasyonu ve on gün beta-glukan oral verildi. Onuncu günün sonunda hayvanlar sakrifiye edildi. Kan, karaciğer, dalak ve mezenter lenf nodu kültürleri ekildi. Terminal ileum ve karaciğerden alınan örnekler histopatolojik olarak incelendi. Ratlardan alınan kan örneklerinden aspartate aminotransferaz (AST), alanine aminotransferaz (ALT), alkalin fosfatase (ALP), laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH), total bilirubin, direk Bilirubin ve C-reaktif protein (CRP) çalışıldı. Bulgular. Birincigrupta 1 hayvanda bakteriyel translokasyon gözlenirken, II. grup...

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Beneficial effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I on intestinal bacterial translocation, endotoxemia, and apoptosis in experimentally jaundiced rats1

Cited by 82 publications

References 37 publications

The Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on Bacterial Translocation in Rats with Obstructive Jaundice

The Effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on Bacterial Translocation in Rats with Obstructive Jaundice

Beneficial effect of recombinant human growth hormone on the intestinal mucosa barrier of septic rats

Effect of beta-glucan in preventing bacterial translocation in a model of experimental obstructive jaundice

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