Beneficial Effects of Calcium Oral Coadministration in Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Abstract

Frequent therapeutical use of an aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin (GM) is limited by its nephrotoxic effects often characterized by both morphological and functional alterations of kidney leading to acute renal failure. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of dietary calcium supplementation on GM-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Experiments were performed on 30 adult male Wistar rats divided into three groups of 10 animals each. G-group received GM intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg/kg; GCa-group received the same dose of GM concomitantly with 1 g/kg calcium carbonate given orally; and C-group, serving as control, received 1 mL/day of normal saline. All groups were treated during 8 consecutive days. Quantitative evaluation of GM-induced structural and functional changes of kidney was performed by histopathological, morphometrical, and biochemical analyses. Compared with control, G-group of rats were found to have diffusely and unequally thickened glomerular basement membrane with neutrophil cells infiltration. In addition, vacuolization of cytoplasm of proximal tubule cells with coagulation-type necrosis was observed. These GM-induced pathological lesions were significantly reduced in the rats of GCa-group. Morphometric analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the size of glomeruli (area, major and minor axes, perimeter), optical density, and roundness of glomeruli (p < 0.05) between G and GCa groups. Biochemical analysis showed significant elevation in blood urea and serum creatinine concentrations, whereas potassium concentration was lowered in G-group compared with the other groups (p < 0.01). It is concluded that oral supplementation of calcium during treatment with GM resulted in significant reduction of morphological and functional kidney alterations.

Thymoquinone Ameliorates Acute Renal Failure in Gentamicin-Treated Adult Male Rats

“…GEN induced considerable elevation in the serum level of renal function biochemical indices, including BUN and Cr, thus illustrating the early damage of the renal filtration barrier. These findings verify the previous reports that GEN induced the renal damage in rats [17]. Similar to the previous studies, this investigation confirmed the protective effect of flavonoids against GEN [18,19].…”

Gentamicin nephrotoxicity in animals: current knowledge and future perspectives

“…The most studied effect is necrosis of tubular epithelial cells. There is also a description of morphological glomerular damage with reduced function (Stojiljkovic et al, 2012[85]). The application of some drugs (gentamicin, cisplatin) to experimental animals is causing significant reduction in kidney blood flow and glomerular filtration with increase in vascular resistance.…”

Could Hesperidin and Iron chelator be a new Therapeutic approach in Gentamicin induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats?

“…Gentamicin (GM), one of aminoglycosides, is recommended as the first line antibiotic for many and life-threatening diseases because of its clinical effectiveness, a low rate of resistance and reasonable cost [5].Most studies report gentamicin nephrotoxicity rates of between 8% and 26% [6]. No helpful medications improve survival, restrain damage or fasten recovery from gentamicin induced AKI other than dialysis.…”