Beneficial effects of adding magnesium to desalinated drinking water on metabolic and insulin resistance parameters among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Albaker, Waleed; Al-Hariri, Mohammed; Al-Elq, Abdulmohsen H.; Alomair, Nuhad A.; Al-Amoudi, Ahmed S.; Voutchkov, Nikalay; Ihm, Seungwon; Namazi, Mohammed A.; Alsayyah, Ahmed; AlRubaish, Fatima A.; Alohli, Fadwa T.; Alobaidi, Anwar A.; Almuzain, Fatimah A.; Elamin, Mohamed O.; Alamoudi, Naela B; Alamer, Mashael A.; Alghamdi, Abdulrahman; AlRubaish, Nafie A.

doi:10.1038/s41545-022-00207-9

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The percentage of DPN was lower in T2DM patients with higher serum Mg levels, which suggests a correlation between plasma Mg levels and diabetic complications of DPN. Albaker et al ( 22 ) conducted an RCT clinical trial to evaluate the effect of adding Mg chloride supplements to desalinated water consumed by T2DM patients on blood glucose, metabolic parameters, and insulin sensitivity indices. A total of 102 T2DM patients completed the trial, and the results showed that adding a dose (50 mg/L in this study) of Mg to drinking water improves long-term glycemic control indices and reduces insulin resistance in T2DM patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association and dose–response relationship of plasma magnesium with metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults older than 45 years

Yang,

Cao,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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PurposeMagnesium (Mg) is an essential nutrient for the maintenance of vital physiological functions. Magnesium deficiency is associated with diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, conclusions have been inconsistent, and there is a particular lack of evidence regarding this association in Chinese population older than 45 years. This study aimed to assess the association between plasma magnesium and the risk of MetS and its components, the dose–response relationship, and the threshold effect relationship in a Chinese population involving older than 45 years.MethodsA total of 2,101 individuals were randomly selected from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNHS) (2015–2017) by considering monitoring points. We used the joint statement of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2009 to define participants with MetS. The plasma magnesium was tested by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to analyze the association and dose–response relationship between plasma Mg and MetS and its components.ResultsCompared with the lowest quintile (Q1) for plasma Mg, the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for MetS, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), hypertension, and triglyceride (TG) elevation at the highest quintile (Q5) were 0.419 (0.301, 0.583), 0.303 (0.221, 0.415), 0.446 (0.322, 0.618), and 0.526 (0.384, 0.720), respectively, with all p < 0.05. However, in the components of decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and central obesity, no trend toward lowering with higher plasma magnesium was observed (p = 0.717, p = 0.865). These associations were not altered by further adjustment for potential confounding variables, including age, gender, education, nationality, area, residence, body mass index (BMI), and heart rate. The RCS analysis showed that, when plasma magnesium was lower than 0.85 mmol/L, the curve was leveled off, and then, the curve showed a decreasing trend with the increase in plasma magnesium.ConclusionTherefore, plasma Mg was negatively associated with MetS and its components (including IFG, hypertension, and elevated TG) in people older than 45 years. In addition, plasma Mg greater than or equal to 0.85 mmol/L, which is higher than the commonly used threshold of 0.75 mmol/L, may be protective against MetS and its components (including elevated FPG, elevated blood pressure, and elevated TG). More prospective studies, such as randomized controlled trials, are necessary to confirm the effective impact of Mg on MetS and its components. Plasma Mg levels in the MetS population older than 45 years require attention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association and dose–response relationship of plasma magnesium with metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults older than 45 years

Yang,

Cao,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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“…Furthermore, a local study evaluated the concentration of six magnesium imported brands, and eight sources of natural drinking water along with 12 local bottled water brands and found that the local bottled water had suboptimal magnesium levels [ 25 ]. The general population in the Eastern Province depends mainly on desalinated drinking water, which could be another lifestyle factor that affects magnesium status [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the United States Food and Nutrition Board, the daily recommended requirements to meet the daily allowance for adult males and females are 420 mg and 320 mg, respectively [ 8 ]. Interestingly, magnesium supplementation reduces insulin resistance and improves long-term glycemic control indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of dietary magnesium intake in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Al-Hariri,

Abualrahi,

Alhanabi

et al. 2023

JMedLife

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Magnesium is an essential element and the most abundant intracellular cation after potassium. This cross-sectional study assessed the average dietary magnesium intake among residents of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a self-reported validated electronic questionnaire between April 2022 and July 2023. The first part of the survey included demographic data, and the second section comprised 33 items, including a semi-quantitative tool specifically designed to evaluate magnesium intake over the last three months. We included 1065 participants, out of whom 61.1% were women. The predominant age group was 19 – 26 years (56.9%), and most participants (83.3%) reported no comorbidities. The majority (48.5%) had normal weight, 246 (23%) were overweight, and 193 (18.1%) were obese. Most participants had low dietary magnesium intake, ranging from one to five times monthly. There was a positive correlation between age and dietary magnesium consumption. The study highlights a concerning trend of low magnesium intake, representing a risk for various chronic diseases. This trend could be linked to increased consumption of typical diets low in magnesium, such as those high in refined sugars, flour, and processed foods, prevalent among the younger Saudi population.

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“…T2DM is a very complex condition that can lead to metabolic, biomechanical, physiological, or psychosocial impairment [8]. Hyperglycaemia is thought to persistently trigger longterm complications of DM such as retinopathy, nephropathy, osteopathy, neuropathy, otopathy, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral artery disease as well as other cognitive impairments and dementia [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, managing DM without any side effects is a challenge. Herbal plants and lifestyle interventions, including exercise, have been proven to be important in this respect [18][19][20][21][22]. Therefore, it is necessary for researchers to investigate interventions that lead to the use of comprehensive treatment approaches by T2DM patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Nigella sativa and Exercise on Diabetic Profiles: A Systematic Review

Alyami

Al-Hariri

2023

Diabetes Ther

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Individually, Nigella sativa (NS) and physical training interventions have been shown to be effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of these in combination on bioindicators of diabetes has not yet been evaluated; there is little information available in the literature. A systematic review was therefore performed to assess any mutually potentiating impacts of NS and physical training interventions in diabetic subjects. A search was performed on this topic in the PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases for randomised, quasi-randomised or non-randomised controlled trials, studies with factorial or single-cohort pre-post designs, case series as well as case reports. The search terms encompassed various combinations of the following: “exercise”, “training”, “physical activity”, “NS”, “treadmill”, “swimming”, “Thymoquinone”, “Nigellone”, “caraway oil” and “black seeds”. Two reviewers screened the abstracts of 202 identified publications according to predetermined inclusion criteria—i.e. papers published from 2009 onwards in the English language, studies on human or animal subjects, and the assessment of diabetic bioindicators following the combined administration of NS and exercise regimens in comparison with just one of these interventions or against controls. Despite the rich data available regarding the effect of both interventions separately, two human studies and two animal studies were ultimately included in the review. However, the benefit of combined administration of NS and exercise regimens on glycemic and lipidemic control was much more obvious compared to exercise alone. In conclusion, these findings suggested that combined administration of NS and exercise regimens could be used as an effective adjuvant for oral antidiabetic drugs in diabetes control.

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Beneficial effects of adding magnesium to desalinated drinking water on metabolic and insulin resistance parameters among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Association and dose–response relationship of plasma magnesium with metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults older than 45 years

Association and dose–response relationship of plasma magnesium with metabolic syndrome in Chinese adults older than 45 years

Assessment of dietary magnesium intake in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Synergistic Effects of Nigella sativa and Exercise on Diabetic Profiles: A Systematic Review

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