Beneficial effects of 6-shogaol on hyperglycemia, islet morphology and apoptosis in some tissues of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Abstract

BackgroundDiabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion and aberrant glucagon secretion resulting from changes in pancreatic islet cell function and/or mass. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ginger on various tissues (i.e., pancreas, kidney, and liver) and insulin resistance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. The pleasant aroma of ginger comes from the constituents present in its volatile oil, while its non-volatile pungent phytochemicals consist of gingerols, shogaols, and paradols.MethodsThis research was conducted to determine the effects of 6-shogaol administration on blood glucose and insulin production in type 1 diabetic mice. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with shogaol at 5 or 10 mg/kg body weight. Untreated mice were injected with an equivalent volume of buffer, three times a week for 2 weeks. The animals were randomly divided into four experimental groups: control group mice (n = 3) were given an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) vehicle (1 mL citrate buffer/100 g body weight) at day 1 and received an IP injection of 6-shogaol vehicle [1 mL buffer (0.5% DMSO, 10% Tween 20, and 89.5% PBS)/100 g body weight] every other day for 4 consecutive days.Results6-Shogaol exhibited an antidiabetic effect by significantly decreased the level of blood glucose, body weight and attenuated the above pathological changes to the normal levels in the diabetic mice, and has effect against pancreas, kidney, liver damage in the diabetic mice. Since, 6-shogaol prevented the damage for STZ induced stress.Conclusion6-Shogaol can be used as a therapeutic agent for preventing complications in diabetic patients. Diabetic treatment consider the 6-shogaol as a pharmatheuticals or combination drug with herbal plant or others 6-shogaol may be a good therapeutic drug because it covers not only pancreatic β-cell but also liver and kidney. Ginger may be ideal because they contain a variety of pharmacological compounds with different known pharmacological actions.

The antagonism of 6-shogaol in high-glucose-activated NLRP3 inflammasome and consequent calcification of human artery smooth muscle cells

“…Recent diabetic mice/rats (including type I and II models) studies have shown the beneficial effects of ginger or its derivates, including 6-shogaol, on homeostatic control of blood glucose and/or insulin [36][37][38]. Moreover, the clinical trials have also found the blood glucose-lowering potential of ginger in patients with type II diabetes [39].…”

6-Shogaol Inhibits Advanced Glycation End-Products-Induced IL-6 and ICAM-1 Expression by Regulating Oxidative Responses in Human Gingival Fibroblasts

“…Although ginger components show several anti-diabetic actions, such as reducing the levels of blood glucose and HbA1c, and decreasing the production of ROS, IL-6, and TNF-α [36,39,40,41], their mechanisms of action are not well known. 6-Shogaol inhibited AGEs-induced RAGE expression in HGFs in the present study, and it inhibited MGO-induced RAGE expression and increased HO-1 expression in human retinal epithelial cells [50], suggesting that 6-shogaol partially functions in a regulator of RAGE expression.…”

“…Ginger extracts and 6-shogaol exert anti-diabetic effects including a decrease in blood glucose and HbA1c levels, and have preventive potential for DM therapy and amelioration of diabetic complications [39,40,41]. Ginger extracts may have therapeutic effects on several inflammatory diseases: 6-shogaol reduced chronic inflammation in the knees [56] and attenuated ulcerative colitis in a murine model [57], and gingerol prevented both joint inflammation and destruction in experimental rheumatoid arthritis [58].…”

“…6-Shogaol significantly decreased blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice [39], and significantly reduced the levels of diabetic markers such as blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in blood and the kidney, and further restored Nrf2 expression in the kidney of db/db mice [40]. Although 6-shogaol has anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects, the exact effect of 6-shogaol on periodontitis with DM has not yet been elucidated.…”

Steamed Ginger May Enhance Insulin Secretion through KATP Channel Closure in Pancreatic β-Cells Potentially by Increasing 1-Dehydro-6-Gingerdione Content

“…In addition, ginger is one of the most famous medicinal herbs in traditional Medicine and is widely used to treat stomachache, arthritis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, primary dysmenorrhea, and nausea caused by pregnancy and chemotherapy [2][3][4][5][6]. In particular, the anti-diabetic effect of ginger and the gingerols, shogaols, and paradols is already known to improve insulin sensitivity and decrease the risk of diabetes mellitus [7][8][9][10]. The steaming process can affect chemicals and cause changes in biological activity.…”