Beneficial Effect of Docosahexanoic Acid and Lutein on Retinal Structural, Metabolic, and Functional Abnormalities in Diabetic Rats

Arnal, Emma; Miranda, María; Johnsen-Soriano, Siv; Álvarez-Nölting, Raquel; Díaz-Llopis, M.; Araiz, Javier; Cervera, E.; Bosch‐Morell, Francisco; Romero, Francisco J.

doi:10.3109/02713680903205238

Cited by 80 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…84 Similar results were observed in diabetic rats fed either lutein or docosahexanoic acid. 85 These pharmacologic studies show that reducing oxidative stress may be an effective approach to slow the retinal degeneration in diabetic retinopathy.…”

Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Vascular and Neural Apoptosis to the Pathology of Diabetic Retinopathy

Barber¹,

Gardner²,

Abcouwer

2011

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

367

267

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The most striking features of diabetic retinopathy are the vascular abnormalities that are apparent by fundus examination. There is also strong evidence that diabetes causes apoptosis of neural and vascular cells in the retina. Thus, there is good reason to define diabetic retinopathy as a form of chronic neurovascular degeneration. In keeping with the gradual onset of retinopathy in humans, the rate of cell loss in the animal models is insidious, even in uncontrolled diabetes. This is not surprising given that a sustained high rate of cell loss without regeneration would soon lead to catastrophic tissue destruction. The consequences of ongoing cell death are difficult to detect, and even the quantification of cumulative cell loss requires painstaking histology and microscopy. This subtle cell loss raises the issue of the relevance of the phenomenon to the progression of diabetic retinopathy and the ultimate loss of vision. Neuronal function may be compromised in advance of apoptosis, contributing to an early deterioration of vision. Here we review some of the evidence supporting apoptotic cell death as a contributing mechanism of diabetic retinopathy, explore some of the potential causes, and discuss the potential links between apoptosis and loss of visual function in diabetic retinopathy. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.

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Section: Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Significance of Vascular and Neural Apoptosis to the Pathology of Diabetic Retinopathy

Barber¹,

Gardner²,

Abcouwer

2011

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

367

267

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies showed that hyperglycemia causes oxidation via induction of several pathways, including protein kinase C, sorbitol, and phoshoinositide 3-kinase pathways. 17,18 Free radicals impair cellular membranes and may disrupt endothelial cell integrity, creating both ischemic and edematous areas. 19 Oxidative stress may be crucial in diabetic retinopathy and clinical implications of diabetes may be carried out by reactive oxygen species.…”

Section: Pg/mg-protmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin prevents retinal oxidative stress and vascular changes in diabetic rats

Özdemir

Ergün

Bakarış

et al. 2014

Eye

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Purpose To evaluate the role of melatonin, an antioxidant agent, in diabetic oxidative stress and vascular damage. Methods Diabetes was induced in 21 male Wistar rats by intraperitoneal (IP) administration of streptozotocin and then the rats were equally and randomly allocated to diabetic, melatonin, and vehicle groups. Seven healthy normal rats with similar features comprised the control group as the fourth group. All animals were followed for 12 weeks. The melatonin group received IP melatonin daily and the vehicle group received 2.5% ethanol IP at the last month. At the end of 12 weeks, the rats were killed and retinas were harvested. The retinas were investigated for the existence of hypoxiainducible factor 1-a (HIF-1a), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) by ELISA. Retinal oxidative stress is quantitated by measuring nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde levels. Retinal immunohistochemistry with antibody against CD31 antigen was carried out on retinal cross-sections. For statistics, ANOVA test was used for multiple comparisons. Results Hyperglycemia increased retinal oxidation as measured through levels of nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde. Diabetic retinas are also associated with abnormal vascular changes such as dilatation and deformation. HIF-1a, VEGF-A, and PEDF were all increased because of diabetic injury. Melatonin showed a potential beneficial effect on retinopathy in diabetic rats. It decreased retinal nitrotyrosine and malondialdehyde levels, showing an antioxidative support. The vasculomodulator cytokines are decreased accordingly by melatonin therapy. Melatonin normalized retinal vascular changes as well. ConclusionMelatonin may show some advantage on diabetic vascular changes through decreasing oxidative stress and vessel-related cytokines.

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“…Retinal MDA and nitrotyrosine were increased in rats rendered to be diabetic in previous studies. 20,21 Diabetes mellitus is characterized by a high blood glucose level and leads to diabetic retinopathy in the long term. 3,22 Diabetic process may induce oxygenresponsive machinery of the cell, resulting in failure of antioxidative capacity and lipid peroxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapamycin inhibits oxidative and angiogenic mediators in diabetic retinopathy

Özdemir

Kılınç

Ergün

et al. 2014

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Beneficial Effect of Docosahexanoic Acid and Lutein on Retinal Structural, Metabolic, and Functional Abnormalities in Diabetic Rats

Cited by 80 publications

References 33 publications

The Significance of Vascular and Neural Apoptosis to the Pathology of Diabetic Retinopathy

The Significance of Vascular and Neural Apoptosis to the Pathology of Diabetic Retinopathy

Melatonin prevents retinal oxidative stress and vascular changes in diabetic rats

Rapamycin inhibits oxidative and angiogenic mediators in diabetic retinopathy

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