Abstract:The environmental degradation of materials poses a serious limitation in the utility of engineering materials. The corrosion of metals, for example, has been estimated to represent a 4–5% decrease in the Gross National Product each year. To this, add losses involved in the replacement or restoration of ceramic structures such as buildings and transportation systems, i.e., the “infrastructure,” and the result is a significant sacrifice of economic strength.Most of us are familiar with the consequences of exposi… Show more
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