Bending of poly(vinyl alcohol)–poly(sodium acrylate) composite hydrogel in electric fields

Shiga, Tohru; Hirose, Yoshiharu; Okada, Akane; Kurauchi, Toshio

doi:10.1002/app.1992.070440209

Cited by 179 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…[127,128] Shiga et al carried out an extensive series of studies on poly(vinyl alcohol) gel actuators driven by electrical and solvent activation. [42,[129][130][131][132][133][134] Even with small forces, gels can be used to transport ''cargo'' as they expand and contract in a tube. [135] The response of a gel in an electrical field is a coupling of electrical, chemical, and mechanical effects.…”

Section: Swelling Pressure As An Actuatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels for Soft Machines

2009

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Hydrogels have applications in surgery and drug delivery, but are never considered alongside polymers and composites as materials for mechanical design. This is because synthetic hydrogels are in general very weak. In contrast, many biological gel composites, such as cartilage, are quite strong, and function as tough, shock‐absorbing structural solids. The recent development of strong hydrogels suggests that it may be possible to design new families of strong gels that would allow the design of soft biomimetic machines, which have not previously been possible.

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Section: Swelling Pressure As An Actuatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels for Soft Machines

2009

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“…Shiga and co-workers carried out an extensive series of studies on poly(vinyl alcohol)-polyacrylic acid gel actuators driven electrically (Figure 1.5) [136,[139][140][141][142][143]. These gels are prepared by a freeze-thaw method that produces a strong and highly porous structure.…”

Section: Electrically Driven Gel Actuatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer Gel Actuators: Fundamentals

Calvert

2009

Biomedical Applications of Electroactive Polymer Actuators

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One view of materials development is to search for what materials correspond to empty spaces on a hypothetical multi-dimensional map of the properties of available materials. Following a biomimetic philosophy, for instance, it can be seen that tough ceramics and moldable short fiber composites with high moduli are possible but absent from the list of available synthetic materials. Likewise artificial muscle is missing, where the properties are defined as a developed stress of over 300 kPa, a linear contraction of 25 % and a response time of below one second. Currently dielectric elastomers come closest but have disadvantages [1,2].The actin-myosin muscle system provides the performance target for electroactive polymer actuators [3,4]. The process is driven chemically by the energy change from hydrolysis of the polyphosphate bond as ATP (adenosine triphosphate) binds to myosin and is converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and phosphate. A simple chemical analogy suggests that muscle-like gels should be feasible but it is now clear that the task is much harder than it seems.Early work on gel actuation by Katchalsky-Katzir demonstrated that engines could be built using the chemical energy in diluting a lithium bromide solution to drive contraction and expansion of a collagen belt [5]. In essence, the collagen expands to take up the salt solution or contract to exclude the water. This change is both a molecular conformation change and a volume change. Other chemically driven gels, for instance polyacrylic acid fibers [6] which respond to a pH change, also rely on a solubility change giving rise to a volume change.

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“…Therefore, superabsorbents have great advantages over traditional water-absorbing materials such as cotton, pulp, and sponge, and have found a variety of valuable applications. [1][2][3] Because of their excellent characteristics, these superabsorbents are widely used in many fields such as agriculture and horticulture, 4,5 sanitary goods, 6 sealing composites, 7 and medicine for drug-delivery systems, 8 for example. The synthesis of new superabsorbents and the development of their applications are still interesting research areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite. I. Synthesis and characterization

Liu¹,

Wang²,

Chen³

2004

J of Applied Polymer Sci

268

156

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A novel poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite was synthesized by graft copolymerization reaction of acrylic acid (AA) on attapulgite micropowder using N,NЈ-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator in aqueous solution. The effects on water absorbency of such factors as reaction temperature, initial monomer concentration, degree of neutralization of AA, amount of crosslinker, initiator, and attapulgite were investigated. These crosslinked superabsorbent composites were characterized by thermogravimetetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The graft copolymerization reaction of AA on attapulgite micropowder was characterized by FTIR. The water absorbencies for these superabsorbent composites in water and saline solutions were investigated and water-retention tests were carried out. Results obtained from this study show that the water absorbency of the superabsorbent composite synthesized under optimal synthesis conditions with an attapulgite content of 10% exhibited an absorption of 1017 g H 2 O/g sample and 77 g H 2 O/g sample in distilled water and in 0.9 wt % NaCl solution, respectively.

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Bending of poly(vinyl alcohol)–poly(sodium acrylate) composite hydrogel in electric fields

Cited by 179 publications

References 2 publications

Hydrogels for Soft Machines

Hydrogels for Soft Machines

Polymer Gel Actuators: Fundamentals

Studies on poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite superabsorbent composite. I. Synthesis and characterization

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