Bending Behavior of Lightweight Wood-Based Sandwich Beams with Auxetic Cellular Core

Peliński, Krzysztof; Smardzewski, Jerzy

doi:10.3390/polym12081723

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Baca Lopez and Ahmad estimated the best material sandwich structured arrangement design to enhance the mechanical properties [20]. Peliński and Smardzewski determined the effect of thickness and type of wood-based facings on stiffness, strength, ability to absorb, and dissipate the energy of sandwich beams with an auxetic core [21]. Yan et al conducted a large experiment on three typical blade sandwich structures to simulate the natural lightning-induced arc effects [22].…”

Section: Frp Composite Sandwich Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Design of a Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composite Sandwich Structure for the Base Plate of Aircraft Pallets In Order to Reduce Weight

2021

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The application of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) composite materials instead of metals, due to the low density of FRP materials, results in weight savings in the base plates of aircraft pallets. Lower weight leads to lower fuel consumption of the aircraft and thereby less environmental damage. The study aimed to investigate replacing the currently used aluminum base plates of aircraft pallets with composite sandwich plates to reduce the weight of the pallets, thereby the weight of the unit loads transported by aircraft. The newly constructed sandwich base plate consists of an aluminum honeycomb core and FRP composite face-sheets. First, we made experimental tests and numerical calculations for the investigated FRP sandwich panel to validate the applicability of the calculation method. Next, the mechanical properties of 40 different layer-combinations of 4 different FRP face-sheet materials (phenolic woven glass fiber; epoxy woven glass fiber; epoxy woven carbon fiber; and hybrid layers) were investigated using the Digimat-HC modeling program in order to find the appropriate face-sheet construction. Face-sheets were built up in 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 layers with sets of fiber orientations including cross-ply (0°, 90°) and/or angle-ply (±45°). The weight optimization method was elaborated considering 9 design constraints: stiffness, deflection, skin stress, core shear stress, facing stress, overall buckling, shear crimping, skin wrinkling, and intracell buckling. A case study for the base plate of an aircraft pallet was introduced to validate the optimization procedure carried out using the Matlab (Interior Point Algorithm) and Excel Solver (Generalized Reduced Gradient Nonlinear Algorithm) programs. In the case study, the weight of the optimal structure (epoxy woven carbon fiber face-sheets) was 27 kg, which provides weight savings of 66% compared to the standard aluminum pallet. The article’s main added value is the elaboration and implementation of an optimization method that results in significant weight savings and thus lower fuel consumption of aircraft.

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Section: Frp Composite Sandwich Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Design of a Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composite Sandwich Structure for the Base Plate of Aircraft Pallets In Order to Reduce Weight

2021

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“…Some of the first comprehensive studies on the application, manufacturing, and properties of paper honeycomb panels were done by Hänel and Weinert [ 12 ] and Poppensieker and Thömen [ 13 ]. Many studies were made to evaluate the mechanical properties of honeycomb panels [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Other studies investigated the possibilities for optimisation of the structure of paper honeycomb panels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative density of cells significantly affects their mechanical strength [ 33 ]. Using an auxetic core and facings of plywood and cardboard significantly reduces the amount of dissipated energy [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Application of Lightweight Panels Made of Waste Cardboard and Beech Veneer

et al. 2021

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In recent years, the furniture design trends include ensuring ergonomic standards, development of new environmentally friendly materials, optimised use of natural resources, and sustainably increased conversion of waste into value-added products. The circular economy principles require the reuse, recycling or upcycling of materials. The potential of reusing waste corrugated cardboard to produce new lightweight boards suitable for furniture and interior applications was investigated in this work. Two types of multi-layered panels were manufactured in the laboratory from corrugated cardboard and beech veneer, bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. Seven types of end corner joints of the created lightweight furniture panels and three conventional honeycomb panels were tested. Bending moments and stiffness coefficients in the compression test were evaluated. The bending strength values of the joints made of waste cardboard and beech veneer exhibited the required strength for application in furniture constructions or as interior elements. The joints made of multi-layer panels with a thickness of 51 mm, joined by dowels, demonstrated the highest bending strength and stiffness values (33.22 N∙m). The joints made of 21 mm thick multi-layer panels and connected with Confirmat had satisfactory bending strength values (10.53 N∙m) and Minifix had the lowest strength values (6.15 N∙m). The highest stiffness values (327 N∙m/rad) were determined for the 50 mm thick cardboard honeycomb panels connected by plastic corner connector and special screw Varianta, and the lowest values for the joints made of 21 mm thick multi-layer panels connected by Confirmat (40 N∙m/rad) and Minifix (43 N∙m/rad), respectively. The application of waste corrugated cardboard as a structural material for furniture and interiors can be improved by further investigations.

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“…The finite element method (FEM) facilitates significant reductions in resources (human, materials, machining cost) to reconstruct the structure if necessary or to completely change the idea. FEM method with the use of experimental data allows one to achieve satisfying results with project validation and detection of failure points, significantly narrowing the field of research and shortening the duration of work on new materials …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stiffness of Synclastic Wood‐Based Auxetic Sandwich Panels

Peliński

Smardzewski

Narojczyk

2020

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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The research in materials with auxetic properties [1] (i.e., exhibiting negative Poisson's ratio [2] at least in some directions) has been growing for about 30 years. The manufacturing of the first man-made auxetic foam by Lakes [3] as well as the formulation and solution of the first mechanical [4,5] and thermodynamic models [6,7] explaining their unusual mechanical properties sparked an ongoing interest and intense studies of these interesting novel materials. Over these past 30 years, the studies on auxetics diverge into different aspects. Among others, the search for auxetic properties in new materials, [8,9] the theoretical studies of various models exhibiting auxetic properties, [10-46] or the creation of auxetic composites [47,48] to enhance mechanical properties of materials. The latter is of particular importance if one considers practical applications of negative Poisson's ratio materials. [49-55] In this respect, auxetic structures [24,54,56-66] are interesting (among others) in terms of improving stiffness and durability of materials. They tend to form synclastic, sphere-like shapes instead of anticlastic curvature which is characteristic for common materials with positive Poisson's ratio, subjected to bending. [67-69] Nowadays in wood industry, furniture which were designed with the use of synclastic shapes, are typically made from bent steel frame (usually upholstered), plastics, or bent plywood. Technology of bent plywood is strictly connected with thermophysical treatment, mold casting, and temperature-pressure bending process. The process is both time-and resourceconsuming. Furthermore, with the development of each new shape, expensive procedure of a new mold preparation and implementation into technological process is required. This situation could be significantly improved by implementation of auxetic structures into the industry. Auxetic structures improve several of mechanical properties, especially shear, impact, and bending resistance. They also improve ability to absorb impact energy as well as improve overall stiffness of structure. [65,66] Despite promising results of mechanical characteristics in the work by Smardzewski, [70] concerning examination of multilayered sandwich panels, particularly honeycomb panels with auxetic core manufactured from wood-based materials, to the date, the literature lacks research on the use of auxetic structures in wood-based composites. International research is focused on innovative, light composites, that could reduce the cost of product manufacturing by reducing material usage and overall product weight. Thus, in effect reducing also costs related to logistics. [70,71] Such composites could replace typically used wood-based materials such as particleboard, low, medium, and high-density fiberboard (LDF, MDF, and HDF) or plywood. Many studies [67,72-78] deal with honeycomb sandwich panels and their usage in wood industry for the purpose of door filling, vertical, and horizontal elements of furniture body, package filling, etc. Sandwich panels should have ...

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Bending Behavior of Lightweight Wood-Based Sandwich Beams with Auxetic Cellular Core

Cited by 24 publications

References 40 publications

Optimal Design of a Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composite Sandwich Structure for the Base Plate of Aircraft Pallets In Order to Reduce Weight

Optimal Design of a Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composite Sandwich Structure for the Base Plate of Aircraft Pallets In Order to Reduce Weight

Structural Application of Lightweight Panels Made of Waste Cardboard and Beech Veneer

Stiffness of Synclastic Wood‐Based Auxetic Sandwich Panels

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