Bending and twisting of soft materials by non-homogenous swelling

Holmes, Douglas P.; Roché, Matthieu; Sinha, Tarun; Stone, Howard A.

doi:10.1039/c0sm01492c

Cited by 136 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…8, the predicted deflection is approximately twice as large as the scaled experimental results. Similar results were obtained by Holmes et al [28], which was explained with the use of equilibrium data for scaling kinetic results. Nevertheless, the scaled experiments are all on one main master curve.…”

Section: Step Responsesupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Moreover, the diffusion coefficient can be calculated by substitution of t m in Eq. (28). Analogous to the x-deflection, the y-deflection can be fitted by:…”

Section: Derivation Of Parameters From Transient Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moisture-induced bending of a beam of clay-bearing stone exposed to water on one side was thoroughly analyzed by Scherer and Jimenez-Gonzalez [27]. Similarly, Holmes et al [28] considered the bending of gel beams when wetted unilaterally by hexane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hygromorphic response dynamics of oak: towards accelerated material characterization

2017

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When a wood board is exposed to a change in relative humidity on only one of its surfaces, e.g. in case of flooring or a panel painting, the resulting asymmetric moisture content profile induces differential expansion over the thickness. Consequently a bending moment causes the board to curve. A theory is presented to describe the bending of a wood board due to a step change in relative humidity. The board is assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic, and linearly elastic. Moisture transport is presumed to obey the diffusion equation with constant coefficients, such that moisture transport can be directly related to the bending of the board. It is shown that the transient deflective behavior provides the diffusion coefficient and the final length change yields the linear hygroscopic expansion coefficient. Derived diffusion coefficients are in good agreement with values in literature. Furthermore, a scaling law for the deflection of the board is proposed, which is seen to be followed qualitatively but not quantitatively by experiments. Finally, by assuming the deflection of the board to be the response of a linear system, the deflective frequency response of the board can be predicted from its step response. The results allow upscaling of deflection and expansion, such that behavior of thick boards can be determined from an experiment using a thin board.

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Section: Step Responsesupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Moreover, the diffusion coefficient can be calculated by substitution of t m in Eq. (28). Analogous to the x-deflection, the y-deflection can be fitted by:…”

Section: Derivation Of Parameters From Transient Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hygromorphic response dynamics of oak: towards accelerated material characterization

2017

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“…One of the approaches to the design of such materials utilizes the generation of non-uniform internal stresses [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] . In the past decade, bending and folding of soft elastic sheets have been achieved by inducing gradients in swelling across the sheet thickness 11 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional shape transformations of hydrogel sheets induced by small-scale modulation of internal stresses

et al. 2013

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Although Nature has always been a common source of inspiration in the development of artificial materials, only recently has the ability of man-made materials to produce complex three-dimensional (3D) structures from two-dimensional sheets been explored. Here we present a new approach to the self-shaping of soft matter that mimics fibrous plant tissues by exploiting small-scale variations in the internal stresses to form three-dimensional morphologies. We design single-layer hydrogel sheets with chemically distinct, fibre-like regions that exhibit differential shrinkage and elastic moduli under the application of external stimulus. Using a planar-to-helical three-dimensional shape transformation as an example, we explore the relation between the internal architecture of the sheets and their transition to cylindrical and conical helices with specific structural characteristics. The ability to engineer multiple three-dimensional shape transformations determined by small-scale patterns in a hydrogel sheet represents a promising step in the development of programmable soft matter.

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“…This research is important to understand the formation of biological structures, such as leaves and flowers, in which thin films assume welldefined shapes with biological functions. It is also important for the design of new synthetic materials, which should spontaneously form desired morphologies for applications in soft electronics and robotics, control of microfluidic flow, and environmentally responsive shape change [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation of an asymmetric thin film

Geng

Selinger

2012

Phys. Rev. E

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Experiments have investigated shape changes of polymer films induced by asymmetric swelling by a chemical vapor. Inspired by recent work on the shaping of elastic sheets by non-Euclidean metrics [Y. Klein, E. Efrati, and E. Sharon, Science 315, 1116 (2007)], we represent the effect of chemical vapors by a change in the target metric tensor. In this problem, unlike that earlier work, the target metric is asymmetric between the two sides of the film. Changing this metric induces a curvature of the film, which may curve into a partial cylinder or a partial sphere. We calculate the elastic energy for each of these shapes, and show that the sphere is favored for films smaller than a critical size, which depends on the film thickness, while the cylinder is favored for larger films.

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Bending and twisting of soft materials by non-homogenous swelling

Cited by 136 publications

References 33 publications

Hygromorphic response dynamics of oak: towards accelerated material characterization

Hygromorphic response dynamics of oak: towards accelerated material characterization

Three-dimensional shape transformations of hydrogel sheets induced by small-scale modulation of internal stresses

Deformation of an asymmetric thin film

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