Abstract:Laminated composite plate structures find numerous applications in aerospace, military and automotive industries. The role of transverse shear is very important in composites, as the material is weak in shear due to its low shear modulus compared to extensional rigidity. Hence, an accurate understanding of their structural behaviour is required, such as deflections and stresses. In this paper, a number of finite element analyses have been carried out for various side-to-thickness ratios, aspect ratios and mo… Show more
“…They attributed the paradox to the fact that the energy functional was not self-adjoint, as Reddy [33] first noticed. To overcome this paradox and satisfy the self-adjoint condition for the energy functional, Challamel et al suggested a transformation into the boundary conditions of the cantilever beam.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…At the same time, Reddy [33] researched into the nonlocal differential form by deducing the equations of motion and the corresponding boundary conditions through Hamilton's principle for a number of bending theories. What is more, Reddy reached the conclusion that it was not possible to formulate the underlying quadratic functionals for nonlocal differential beam theories.…”
“…They attributed the paradox to the fact that the energy functional was not self-adjoint, as Reddy [33] first noticed. To overcome this paradox and satisfy the self-adjoint condition for the energy functional, Challamel et al suggested a transformation into the boundary conditions of the cantilever beam.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…At the same time, Reddy [33] researched into the nonlocal differential form by deducing the equations of motion and the corresponding boundary conditions through Hamilton's principle for a number of bending theories. What is more, Reddy reached the conclusion that it was not possible to formulate the underlying quadratic functionals for nonlocal differential beam theories.…”
“…However, such machines are costly and cannot be afforded by some countries and hence researchers developed a computer aided system (CAS) to fulfill such task. The CAS components are usually consists of four main modules which are preprocessing, segmentation, post processing and counting [4][5] [6]. In the modules, the most important components are WBC segmentation and counting.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are several methods used for counting purposes that consider a clumped regions. Some of the methods are distance transform [8], edge detection [9] and Circle Hough Transform (CHT) [5] [6]. Among this method, CHT is mentioned to perform better for estimating number of cell in the clumped regions [10].…”
Abstract. In white blood cell (WBC) diagnosis, the most crucial measurement parameter is the WBC counting. Such information is widely used to evaluate the effectiveness of cancer therapy and to diagnose several hidden infection within human body. The current practice of manual WBC counting is laborious and a very subjective assessment which leads to the invention of computer aided system (CAS) with rigorous image processing solution. In the CAS counting work, segmentation is the crucial step to ensure the accuracy of the counted cell. The optimal segmentation strategy that can work under various blood smeared image acquisition conditions is remain a great challenge. In this paper, a comparison between different segmentation methods based on color space analysis to get the best counting outcome is elaborated. Initially, color space correction is applied to the original blood smeared image to standardize the image color intensity level. Next, white blood cell segmentation is performed by using combination of several color analysis subtraction which are RGB, CMYK and HSV, and Otsu thresholding. Noises and unwanted regions that present after the segmentation process is eliminated by applying a combination of morphological and Connected Component Labelling (CCL) filter. Eventually, Circle Hough Transform (CHT) method is applied to the segmented image to estimate the number of WBC including the one under the clump region. From the experiment, it is found that G-S yields the best performance.
“…Paulo et al [10] carried a finite element analysis (FEA) to predict the complex mechanical behavior under heat affected zone of integrally stiffened panels when subjected to compressive loads, and particularly the ultimate load level, in the presence of elasto-plasticity, using ABAQUS for two types of stiffener such as trapezoidal and L-shaped. The result shows that the increase of the magnitude of the imperfections has a significant influence in the variation trend of the ultimate load levels, depending on the shape chosen for the imperfection.…”
In engineering application, the use of stiffened plates made of composite structures has increased over the last few decades due to its high efficiency in terms of high stiffness to low weight and high strength. Generally, the physical structure of stiffened plates is subjected to compressive in-plane loading and a continuous increase of these load results in buckling which in terms causes structural failure. Experimental work is carried on stiffened and un-stiffened plates with the composite materials have been carrying with a view to predicting the buckling load by fabricating it with glass fiber with epoxy resin by pattern molding technique. Analyses are performing to investigate the effect of strength on the stiffened panel using both isotropic material and fiber reinforced composite material on stiffeners
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