Bending Alters Water Balance and Reduces Photosynthesis of Rose Shoots

Kim, Sung Hyun; Shackel, Kenneth A.; Lieth, J. Heinrich

doi:10.21273/jashs.129.6.0896

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…both occurred in the 5% treatment, indicating a potential physical blockage hindering the movement of water. The degree of potential xylem vessel blockage in this study appears to be similar to or less than the xylem blockage resulting from other physical damages such as stem bending (Kim et al, 2004). Previous studies have also shown xylem colonization and blockage in woody stems caused by various Phytophthora pathogens (Brown and Brasier, 2007;Parke and Lewis, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Biochar Amendment Increases Resistance to Stem Lesions Caused by Phytophthora spp. in Tree Seedlings

Zwart

Kim

2012

horts

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Soil amendment with biochar is thought to confer multiple benefits to plants including induction of systemic resistance to plant pathogens. Pathogens in the genus Phytophthora cause damaging diseases of woody species throughout the world. The objective of this study was to test 1) whether biochar amendment induces resistance to canker causing Phytophthora pathogens; and 2) how this resistance is related to the amount of biochar amendment in two common landscape tree species: Quercus rubra (L.) and Acer rubrum (L.). Seedlings of Q. rubra and A. rubrum were planted in peatmoss-based potting mix uniformly amended with 0%, 5%, 10%, or 20% biochar by volume. Plants in each treatment group were stem wound-inoculated with an isolate of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands (host: Q. rubra) or P. cactorum (Leb. and Cohn) Schröeter (host: A. rubrum) using standard agar-plug inoculation procedures. Amendment of potting media with 5% biochar reduced horizontal expansion of lesions in both hosts, whereas the same treatment significantly reduced vertical expansion of lesions in A. rubrum (P < 0.05). In addition, 5% biochar resulted in a higher midday stem water potential in Q. rubra (P = 0.066) and significantly greater stem biomass in A. rubrum compared with inoculated control plants (0% biochar, P < 0.05). Our results suggest that biochar amendment has the potential to alleviate disease progression and physiological stress caused by Phytophthora canker pathogens and there is likely an optimal level of biochar incorporation into the root media beyond which the effects may be less pronounced.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Biochar Amendment Increases Resistance to Stem Lesions Caused by Phytophthora spp. in Tree Seedlings

Zwart

Kim

2012

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“…The key finding of this work is that crops may exhibit horticulturally beneficial responses at mild to moderate levels of water stress (Lampinen et al, 1995(Lampinen et al, , 2001(Lampinen et al, , 2004, and hence we believe that this plant-based approach to irrigation scheduling will allow us to recommend a strategy of RDI that will appeal to growers and also will benefit the environment by reducing water and nitrogen fertilizer leaching below the root zone. Initial work using this method has also been successful in measuring stress in native oak species (Shackel and Gross, 2002) and ornamental roses (Kim et al, 2004). A series of experiments were performed to test for a broad applicability of SWP to water management under field conditions in prunes and almonds and to determine whether SWP had a consistent relation to g S in almonds under both irrigated and rain-fed (drought) conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Plant-based Approach to Deficit Irrigation in Trees and Vines

Shackel¹

2011

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Field experiments have been performed on grapevine as well as a number of woody tree species (almond, prune, pear, cherry) to determine the relation of plant water potential to a number of indices of plant physiological activity (leaf conductance, vegetative growth, and fruit growth and composition). Horticultural benefits of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) have been documented in several crops (grapevine, almond, prune, cherries), but management of irrigation to achieve these benefits is difficult without a reliable plant-based measure of stress. Midday stem water potential (SWP) has proven to be a robust, reliable, and practical measure of stress and closely related to physiological responses at the leaf and whole plant level [stomatal conductance (gS), vegetative growth, and fruit growth and composition such as soluble solids and fruit color].

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“…However, A max of the most illuminated leaf in upright shoots ( A 0,upright ) was higher than in bent shoots ( A 0,bent ) ( Supplementary data Fig. S6 ), indicating that shoot bending may decrease photosynthetic capacity of leaves in bent shoots, which is also found by others and in other crops ( Schubert et al ., 1995 ; Kim et al ., 2004 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several explanations are proposed to explain the lower photosynthesis of leaves in bent shoots. Kim et al . (2004) found that the xylem tissue of rose bent shoots was damaged due to bending, and this could reduce hydraulic conductivity of bent shoots and decrease photosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upright shoot photosynthesis is determined by both upright shoot light interception and leaf photosynthetic characteristics. Although leaf photosynthetic characteristics of upright shoots are unlikely to be affected by bent shoots ( Kim et al ., 2004 ; González-Real et al ., 2007 ), upright shoot light interception may be affected by the presence of bent shoots. The assimilate supply from bent shoots may enhance the establishment of leaf area in upright shoots and result in an increased light interception and photosynthesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying the contribution of bent shoots to plant photosynthesis and biomass production of flower shoots in rose (Rosa hybrida) using a functional–structural plant model

Zhang¹,

Westreenen²,

Evers³

et al. 2019

Annals of Botany

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Background and Aims The success of using bent shoots in cut-rose (Rosa hybrida) production to improve flower shoot quality has been attributed to bent shoots capturing more light and thus providing more assimilates for flower shoot growth. We aimed at quantifying this contribution of photosynthesis by bent shoots to flower shoot growth. Methods Rose plants were grown with four upright flower shoots and with no, one or three bent shoots per plant. Plant architectural traits, leaf photosynthetic parameters and organ dry weight were measured. A functional–structural plant (FSP) model of rose was used to calculate photosynthesis of upright shoots and bent shoots separately, taking into account the heterogeneous canopy structure of these plants. Key Results Bent shoots contributed to 43–53 % of total assimilated CO2 by the plant. Plant photosynthesis increased by 73 and 117 % in plants with, respectively, one and three bent shoots compared with plants without bent shoots. Upright shoot photosynthesis was not significantly affected by the presence of bent shoots. However, upright shoot dry weight increased by 35 and 59 % in plants with, respectively, one and three bent shoots compared with plants without bent shoots. The increased upright shoot dry weight was entirely due to the contribution of extra photosynthesis by bent shoots, as this was the only source that could induce differences in upright shoot growth apart from their own photosynthesis. At least 47–51 % of the photosynthesis by bent shoots was translocated to upright shoots to support their biomass increase. Conclusions Based on model simulations, we conclude that the positive effect of shoot bending on flower shoot growth and quality in cut-rose production system can almost entirely be attributed to assimilate supply from bent shoots. FSP modelling is a useful tool to quantify the contributions of photosynthesis by different parts of heterogeneous canopies.

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Bending Alters Water Balance and Reduces Photosynthesis of Rose Shoots

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Biochar Amendment Increases Resistance to Stem Lesions Caused by Phytophthora spp. in Tree Seedlings

Biochar Amendment Increases Resistance to Stem Lesions Caused by Phytophthora spp. in Tree Seedlings

A Plant-based Approach to Deficit Irrigation in Trees and Vines

Quantifying the contribution of bent shoots to plant photosynthesis and biomass production of flower shoots in rose (Rosa hybrida) using a functional–structural plant model

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