2016
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00657
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Bend Vibration of Surface Water Investigated by Heterodyne-Detected Sum Frequency Generation and Theoretical Study: Dominant Role of Quadrupole

Abstract: Heterodyne-detected vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy was applied to the water surface for measuring the imaginary part of second-order nonlinear susceptibility (Im χ((2))) spectrum in the bend frequency region for the first time. The observed Im χ((2)) spectrum shows an overall positive band around 1650 cm(-1), contradicting former theoretical predictions. We further found that the Im χ((2)) spectrum of NaI aqueous solution exhibits an even larger positive band, which is apparently contrary to… Show more

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Cited by 56 publications
(92 citation statements)
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References 48 publications
(113 reference statements)
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“…The experiments are typically performed by adding small amounts of µM lipid solutions to ultrapure water contained in a Langmuir trough. In heterodyned, or phase-sensitive, SFG spectra, the sign of the Im(χ (2) ) is commonly taken to indicate an "up" or "down" orientation of the OH oscillators that are probed [28][29][30] . Indeed, Figs.…”
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confidence: 99%
“…The experiments are typically performed by adding small amounts of µM lipid solutions to ultrapure water contained in a Langmuir trough. In heterodyned, or phase-sensitive, SFG spectra, the sign of the Im(χ (2) ) is commonly taken to indicate an "up" or "down" orientation of the OH oscillators that are probed [28][29][30] . Indeed, Figs.…”
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confidence: 99%
“…In principle, when the input IR beam is p-polarized, the sign of the frequency-dependent amplitude of Im(χ (2) ) spectra informs on whether the z-component of the transition dipole moment in a given oscillator Ohno et al 3 contributing to the SFG spectrum is directed net "up" or net "down". 27 Yet, as we will show, in the presence of interfacial charge, crossovers between positive and negative regions can occur, not caused by changes in orientation of interfacial molecules, but rather produced by χ (2)(3) mixing.…”
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confidence: 61%
“…There have been theoretical calculations predicting significant quadrupole contributions to surface susceptibilities for liquid benzene and water surfaces [162,163]. For the water bending mode at the air/water interface, calculation indicates that the bulk quadrupole contributions are 8.7 times of that for the surface dipole contribution [163].…”
Section: Surface and Bulk Contributions In Sfg-vsmentioning
confidence: 99%