Benchmarks for cyber-physical systems: A modular model library for building automation systems

Abstract

Building Automation Systems (BAS) are exemplars of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), incorporating digital control architectures over underlying continuous physical processes. We provide a modular model library for BAS drawn from expertise developed on a real BAS setup. The library allows to build models comprising of either physical quantities or digital control modules.The structure, operation, and dynamics of the model can be complex, incorporating (i) stochasticity, (ii) non-linearities, (iii) numerous continuous variables or discrete states, (iv) various input and output signals, and (v) a large number of possible discrete configurations. The modular composition of BAS components can generate useful CPS benchmarks. We display this use by means of three realistic case studies, where corresponding models are built and engaged with different analysis goals. The benchmarks, the model library and data collected from the BAS setup at the University of Oxford, are kept on-line at https:// github.com/natchi92/BASBenchmarks

Simulation-Based Evaluation and Optimization of Control Strategies in Buildings

“…One of the biggest obstacles towards market adoption is that MPC requires a model of the building [2], usually of a very specific linear or bi-linear structure [3,[17][18][19][20][21]. In addition, in holistic use cases, all involved generation and distribution systems need to be modelled too [21,22]-and there have been only few notable efforts for model standardisation (e.g., see [23,24]).…”

ARCH-COMP18 Category Report: Stochastic Modelling

“…• Building automation systems benchmark : this benchmark is based on a library of models describing different components within a smart building system [10]. We focus on two instances of possible benchmarks, both of which describe discrete-time linear systems with varying numbers of continuous state variables.…”

“…The Building Automation System (BAS) benchmark is a modular and extendable benchmark constructed from a library of stochastic models representing the different components making up a BAS. The library of models is presented in [10] and the reader is referred to the aforecited paper for more details. Using this library of models we setup two instances which aim to address verification and policy synthesis respectively.…”

ARCH-COMP19 Category Report: Stochastic Modelling

“…StocHy accepts a high-level description of stochastic models and constructs an equivalent shs model. The tool allows to (i) simulate the shs evolution over a given time horizon; and to automatically construct formal abstractions of the shs-these are grounded on interval MDPs [13] and show the benefit of providing scalability and tighter error bounds than cognate approaches [11]. Abstractions are then employed for (ii) formal verification or (iii) control (policy, strategy) synthesis.…”

“…The Building Automation System (BAS) benchmark is split into three different versions built upon the library of stochastic models presented in [11,1]. For each model instance (i) we establish the dynamics of the models, (ii) the specification of interest, and (iii) we describe the results of the friendly competition.…”