Benchmarking the Care'n Co. Flux Compression Generator Code, CAGEN, Implementing the Kiuttu Contact Resistance Model

Chase, Jay B.; Kiuttu, G.F.; Chato, D.M.; Peterson, Giles

doi:10.1109/ppc.2005.300710

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…In our modeling, we have settled on a circuit-based approach using the code, CAGEN, developed over many years [1][2][3][4] . Its success is based on several key factors, including identification of self-consistent definitions of inductance and resistance, determination of effective wire-to-wire proximity effect models 5 , including diffusion effects, and development of an analytic model for enhanced diffusion losses in the vicinity of the moving armature-stator contact point 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Modeling Helical FCGS

Kiuttu¹,

Chase²,

Chato³

2006

2006 IEEE International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics

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Helical explosively driven magnetic flux compression generators (FCGs) have been intensively investigated for more than four decades, because of their ability to amplify electrical current and magnetic energy with high gain and relatively small size. Whereas coaxial-geometry FCGs have lent themselves to reasonably accurate modeling, helical FCGs have always been considered "anomalously lossy," with calculated performance invariably exceeding observed performance -often by factors of two or more in peak output current.With the advent of the analytically derived Kiuttu Contact Resistance Model (KCRM), it has become possible to approximately account for the losses in the vicinity of the contact point between armature and stator without resorting to any empirical tuning factors. Such factors have generally been required by other modeling and simulation codes to achieve agreement with experimental data. Since its introduction, the KCRM has been extended to include the region immediately in front of the contact point as well, thus improving its accuracy.Another key element in modeling the performance of helical FCGs is proper accounting of the proximity effect between adjacent turns of the solenoidal stator winding. This effect alters the magnetic field and current density distributions from their isolated, approximately locally uniform distributions, leading to an effective increase in flux diffusion rates. In order to quantitatively assess this effect, we have run a number of twodimensional quasi-magnetostatic simulations for varying stator geometries and extracted simplified approximations that can be used in one-dimensional diffusion calculations.We have also examined the details of the circuit model definition (i.e., flux-based from Faraday's Law, or the diffusion equation, and energy-based from Poynting's Theorem). The Generator Equation, derived from the circuit model, involves lumped-element approximations for resistance and inductance, and we have shown that the combination of inductance and resistance, which yields experimental current and time derivative of current, is not unique, and that each lumped element must be consistently defined.We have incorporated these various models and effects into the CAGEN 1½-D modeling code. As a result, we have been able to accurately calculate the performance of a wide variety of FCGs without using any additional adjustment factors. Representative results, as well as descriptions of the models, will be presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Modeling Helical FCGS

Kiuttu¹,

Chase²,

Chato³

2006

2006 IEEE International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics

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Predicting the threshold for onset of internal electric breakdown in helical flux compression generators using CAGEN and CALE

Chase¹,

Kiuttu²,

Peterson³

et al. 2012

2012 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS)

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The objective of this work is to provide predictability for the threshold of the onset of internal electrical breakdown for helical magnetic flux compression generators (HFCG) to enable higher performance and higher voltage designs and reduce the cost of relying on empirical design methods. The Care'n LLC has used the code CAGEN [1] in conjunction with CALE [2] to investigate the phenomenon of internal electrical breakdown in these devices. The CAGEN was modified to compute the peak electric field strength between the armature and the stator as well as between adjacent wires of the stator. Shock compressed gas within the HFCG plays an essential role so the 2-D hydro-code CALE was necessary in order to get a full prediction of the thresholds. An overview of the modeling and the comparison of experiment are presented. An issue is the role bifurcations play in the electric field breakdown. A new code BSBIF [3] models some of the effects. In order to confirm the modeling, a set of very special HFCGs were fabricated and then fired by Hyperspectral Sciences, Inc. The fabrication details [4], the experimental set-up, and the measurements [5] were entirely the work of HSI.

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Experiments with explosive flux compression Generators Confirming the CAGEN-CALE threshold predictions for internal electric breakdown

Ault¹,

Kuklo²,

Chase³

2012

2012 14th International Conference on Megagauss Magnetic Field Generation and Related Topics (MEGAGAUSS)

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A total of seven shots were fired at the HyperSpectral Sciences, Inc. firing site in Cinebar, WA, in support of the program to elucidate the internal electric breakdown phenomena. Three experiments were full-up HFCG shots. All of the HFCG shots broke down, while the last one exhibited the clearest example of "classical" breakdown. The correlation of the computer model threshold calculation with the last shot is quite good. The use of framing and streak cameras as a diagnostic has proved viable; the contact point as well as the breakdown are very visible. It was found that the electrical arcs that result from the breakdowns do not move. They are overrun by the contact point. The compressed gas in the interior of the HFCG must be taken into account. While it seems quite evident that the breaks are from the stator to the armature, our evidence cannot prove the point. Details of the firing arrangements, the data recovery methods, and the results with comparisons to theory [1], [2], and [3] are presented.

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Benchmarking the Care'n Co. Flux Compression Generator Code, CAGEN, Implementing the Kiuttu Contact Resistance Model

Cited by 7 publications

References 4 publications

Recent Advances in Modeling Helical FCGS

Recent Advances in Modeling Helical FCGS

Predicting the threshold for onset of internal electric breakdown in helical flux compression generators using CAGEN and CALE

Experiments with explosive flux compression Generators Confirming the CAGEN-CALE threshold predictions for internal electric breakdown

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