Benchmarking of thermal hydraulic loop models for Lead-Alloy Cooled Advanced Nuclear Energy System (LACANES), phase-I: Isothermal steady state forced convection

Advanced passive design of small modular reactor cooled by heavy liquid metal natural circulation

“…A highly complex system like a nuclear power plant is now required to meet enhanced social demands for proliferation resistant, environmental friendly, and accident tolerant technology. We attempted to apply a passive cooling feature to both normal and abnormal operations of a small modular reactor (SMR) without external power sources in order to resolve the deficiency of passive safety capability in largescale reactors (Cho et al, 2011;Choi et al, 2011aChoi et al, , 2011b.…”

“…An SMR has been recognized as an innovative product for niche markets where large-scale nuclear reactors are unstable for technical, economic, and safety limitations (Abderrahim et al, 2001;Adamovich et al, 2007;Chang et al, 2005;Choi et al, 2011a;Fetterman et al, 2011;Hwang et al, 2000;Kim et al, 2001;Peterson et al, 2008;Reyes and Lorenzini, 2010;Smith et al, 2008;Toshinsky et al, 2002;Ueda et al, 2005;Wade et al, 2002). The niche markets include a sparsely populated off-grid region, an off-grid industrial complex, a seawater desalination process, and a district heating system (Choi et al, 2011a;Kuznetsov, 2008).…”

“…The niche markets include a sparsely populated off-grid region, an off-grid industrial complex, a seawater desalination process, and a district heating system (Choi et al, 2011a;Kuznetsov, 2008). To ensure nonproliferation and nuclear security, many SMR concepts require no on-site refueling strategy and adopt cradle-tograve fuel services.…”

Small modular reactor (SMR) development plan in Korea

“…With this design development, HELIOS, Heavy Eutectic liquid metal Loop for the Investigation of Operability and Safety of PEACER, has been constructed by scaling PEACER-300 design for the demonstration of lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) coolant technology. The operability, natural circulation capability, and materials corrosion resistance have been tested using the world's tallest LBE loop [2]. As a result, the reliability, chemical stability, and safety of PEACER-300 were successfully demonstrated.…”

Experiments and analysis on LBE steady natural circulation in a rectangular shape loop

“…Tarantino and Bernardi (2010) performed LBE NC tests with gas-injection on the NACIE loop and CIECE pool test facility to verify the code post-test in ENEA. Moreover, the stable LBE NC had been obtained from experiments by Takahashi (2005), Choa and Batta (2011) and Borgohain and Jaiswal (2011) performed at different conditions. Some experiments mentioned above were carried out for HLM NC study.…”