Benchmarking of Anesthesia and Surgical Control Times by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT®) Codes

Feasibility of Anesthesiologists Giving Nurse Anesthetists 30-Minute Lunch Breaks and 15-Minute Morning Breaks at a University’s Facilities

“…Specific results will differ among facilities, just like they varied among the studied department’s surgical suites, because of differences in surgical times [ 3 ]. For example, facilities that are not teaching programs will have smaller percentages of cases suitable for breaks.…”

“…This procedure coding system is the one used for federal payment of hospitals in the United States. Surgical time was the time from the documented procedure start time, most typically incision, to the procedure end time, most typically applying dressings on the patient [ 3 ].…”

“…For each procedure, the historical data provided a sample size, sample mean of logarithms of surgical times, and sample standard deviation of the logarithms of surgical times [ 1 , 2 , 4 ]. For procedures with more than 99 previous cases, the most recent 99 cases were used [ 1 - 3 ]. The 5% lower prediction bound was calculated in the log scale using the Student’s t-distribution [ 1 - 3 ].…”

“…For procedures with more than 99 previous cases, the most recent 99 cases were used [ 1 - 3 ]. The 5% lower prediction bound was calculated in the log scale using the Student’s t-distribution [ 1 - 3 ]. Then, the exponential was taken for the result to convert the value into units of hours [ 1 - 3 ].…”

“…The 5% lower prediction bound was calculated in the log scale using the Student’s t-distribution [ 1 - 3 ]. Then, the exponential was taken for the result to convert the value into units of hours [ 1 - 3 ]. The observed incidence achieved by our 5% lower prediction bounds was 4.86% (99% confidence interval: 4.55% to 5.19%) [ 1 , 2 ].…”