“…A change to new solvent systems may reduce the required solvent volumes, facilitate recycling of solvents, provide improved purity proles and increased yields, avoid costly and time consuming problems pertaining to new environmental regulatory requirements etc. 17,18 Benchmarking new processes using available green chemistry metrics such as atom economy, complete E-factor (cEF), and Process Mass Intensity (PMI) may provide useful input for reagent and solvent selection and reduction, [27][28][29] and ultimately cost reduction. The cost of a peptide manufacturing process is the sum of the required: (i) FTEs (full-time employees), (ii) pilot plant time, and (iii) raw materials.…”