Bench scale study of electrochemically promoted catalytic CO2 hydrogenation to renewable fuels

Electrochemical promotion of CO 2 hydrogenation on Ru catalyst–electrodes supported on a K–β″–Al 2 O 3 solid electrolyte

“…Since then, solid electrolytes with alkali conductivity (such as Na + or K + ) have been used to promote several types of reactions including oxidations, [38][39][40], hydrogenations [41][42][43][44] and NO reduction [45][46][47]. Work in this area has been reviewed by Lambert [48] and very recently by de Lucas-Consuegra [49].…”

“…The electrochemical promotion of CO 2 hydrogenation has been studied in the past over Cu [50,51], Rh [50], Pt [42,43,50,52], Pd [44], Ru [53,54] catalyst film electrodes deposited on YSZ [44,50,52,53,55], SrZr 0.90 Y 0.10 O 3Àa (H + conductor) [51] and b 00 -Al 2 O 3 (K + or Na + conductor) [42,43,44,54] ceramic supports.…”

A Review of Surface Analysis Techniques for the Investigation of the Phenomenon of Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis with Alkaline Ionic Conductors

“…Urquhart et al used other K + -conductor solid electrolyte (K-βAl 2 O 3 ) in Fischer-Tropsch reaction studies under both atmospheric [21] and high pressure [22], and de Lucas-Consuegra et al introduced the use of this kind of ion-conducting catalyst support for the electrochemical promotion of Pt in CO [23] and propylene [24] oxidation, as well as in NO x reduction reactions [25,26]. More recent alkaline electrochemical promotion studies on CO 2 hydrogenation [27][28][29][30] and methanol conversion reactions [31][32][33] should also be highlighted. Additionally, in order to understand the mechanism of the phenomenon of electrochemical promotion of catalysis with both anionic and cationic conductors, a wide variety of characterization techniques have been used in the fields of catalysis (e.g., TPD, TPO, or work function measurement), electrochemistry (e.g., cyclic/linear sweep voltammetry or impedance spectroscopy), and surface science (e.g., XPS, UPS, SPEM, or STM) [3].…”

“…Urquhart et al used other K + -conductor solid electrolyte (K-βAl2O3) in Fischer-Tropsch reaction studies under both atmospheric [21] and high pressure [22], and de Lucas-Consuegra et al introduced the use of this kind of ion-conducting catalyst support for the electrochemical promotion of Pt in CO [23] and propylene [24] oxidation, as well as in NOx reduction reactions [25,26]. More recent alkaline electrochemical promotion studies on CO2 hydrogenation [27][28][29][30] and methanol conversion reactions [31][32][33] should Vayenas et al performed the first electrochemical promotion study with alkaline solid electrolyte (Na-βAl 2 O 3 ) in 1991 [8]. From this pioneer work, Na + -conductors have been widely employed in many catalytic systems such as ethylene [9,10], CO [11], propane [12] and propylene oxidation [13], NO reduction [14][15][16], Fischer Tropsch synthesis [17], or hydrogenation of benzene [18] and CO 2 [19].…”

Electrochemical activation of an oblique angle deposited Cu catalyst film for H2 production

“…1 Hence, while the conventional catalytic promotion is carried out by adding a specific amount of a promoter during the preparation step of the catalyst, in the case of the electrochemical promotion, the electrically induced back-spillover of the promoter species enables the in situ control and enhancement of the catalytic performance of the catalyst film during the reaction step. [4][5][6][7][8] Several EPOC studies have also dealt with the improvement of catalytic materials and the development of electrodes consisting of catalysts highly dispersed on gold, 9 mixed ionic electronic conductors, 10 carbonous materials [11][12][13] and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), [14][15][16][17] or catalysts based on non-noble (lower cost) metals such as Ni, 11,[18][19][20][21] Fe 4,22,23 and Cu. 3 Nowadays, some of the main challenges of EPOC for further technological progress are the design of scaled-up reactors and material cost minimization.…”