Bemerkungen über die entwicklung des genitalsystems

Janošík, J. von.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.128565

Cited by 9 publications

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“…It is this male part which is so intimately related with the beginning stages of the adrenal cortex. 337 If these fetal testicular cells by developmental anomaly are included in the adrenal they might develop into tumors which physiologically would manifest their testicular origin. Hence one might expect virilism to develop in patients in whom these adrenal growths occur.…”

Section: Other Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adrenals, by Arthur Grollman.

Grollman¹

1936

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in man and in certain animals as composed in early life of three distinct physiological entities-the medulla, the cortex, and the androgenic tissue. The last named term has been coined to describe that portion of the adrenal which, in certain pathological conditions, gives rise to disorders of the reproductive system. This view of the tripartite nature of the adrenal is supported by many well-established facts. It affords a rational explanation of the relation of the adrenals to certain pathological conditions of the reproductive system and avoids assuming a relation between the cortex proper and the sex glands as previous writers have unjustifiably done.Many of the views expressed in the present volume are based on the results of experimental studies in which my colleagues, to whom I am deeply indebted, have collaborated. Dr. Warfield M. Firor has performed surgical operations and enthusiastically cooperated in these researches; Dr. Evelyn Howard is jointly responsible for the studies dealing with the relation of the adrenals to the reproductive system; and Mr. Ellis Grollman has aided in the preparation of the adrenal extracts.I wish also to express my sincere appreciation to the publishers for their cooperation and unfailing courtesies.A. G. Baltimore, Maryland. * Superior figures refer to the numbered entries of the bibliography. For the literature before 1850, the reader is referred to the excellent historical reviews of Biedl 66 and Shumacker. 6661' 1 ANATOMY early state of differentiation is in reality due to the presence of epinephrine is demonstrated by the inhibition of intestinal movements by extracts of this tissue. 317 • 669 ACCESSORY ADRENAL BODIES The tissues of the adrenals are not confined to that which occurs in the main glands. As we have already seen, the medullary tissue is only one part of a widely distributed chromaphil system. The cortical tissue is also composed of several masses of glandular tissue located at a considerable distance from the main gland. Previous writers have considered all of this tissue, because of a similarity in its gross histological appearance, as being functionally part of the same tissue.This view, however, is not supported by physiological or pathological findings and we shall, therefore, classify the cortical (or interrenal tissue) into two groups: 1) the true cortical tissue and 2) the androgenic tissue. The cortical tissue proper elaborates a hormone essential for life. It forms the outer layers of the adrenal gland and occurs at times as accessory adrenal bodies in the near vicinity of the adrenal.A second part of the cortical tissue, resembling the first histologically in many respects, occurs as the internal layer of the cortex in certain animals during the early period of development, but soon disappears (except under some pathological conditions).This tissue also appears in the form of temporary accessory bodies which are widely distributed. The second type of cortical tissue shall be designated as the androgenic tissue because of its masculinizing effect...

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Section: Other Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adrenals, by Arthur Grollman.

Grollman¹

1936

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“…According to the first interpretation the rete cords arise in reptiles (Allen, 1905 and1906), the chick (Janosik, 1890), and mammals (Allen, 1904) from the germinal epithelium. In the pig and rabbit, according to Allen, they arise as ingrowths from the germinal epithelium of the rete region of the genital ridge.…”

Section: A the Sexually Indifferent Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryological foundations of sex in vertebrates.

Willier¹

1934

Sex and Internal Secretions: A Survey of Recent Research.

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In a consideration of the development of sex, two rather distinct problems present themselves for analysis, viz., (1) the zygotic determination of sex, and (2) embryonic sex differentiation. By zygotic determination of sex is meant the primary determining constitution established in the fertilized egg by the union of the gametes, which leads sooner or later to the development of either male or female sex characters; that is, the nuclear determiners or genes which decide whether male or female sex characters shall develop. Such a constitution furnishes the primary basis for the appearance of all sex characters. This aspect of the problem is treated separately in the preceding chapters.By sexual differentiation is meant the origin or expression of sex differences during ontogeny. More specifically, it deals with the origin and differentiation of the male or female form of the rudiments of all sex characters. At first the rudiment appears in a generalized form, being laid down in the same manner for all individuals, whether determined as male or female. Subsequently such a rudiment acquires specific characteristics peculiar to each sex. It is this foundation of the sexes in the tetrapod vertebrates to which attention is especially directed in this chapter.It is proposed to consider this topic from two standpoints, (1) the morphology of sexual differentiation, and (2) the developmental physiology of sex-differentiation. The former deals with the origin and specialization of the structural basis of sex characters; the latter with an analysis of the process of sex specialization from a physiological point of view, examining such topics as, (1) the localization of the specific potencies of ovary and testis, (2) the r61e of sex hormones in the process of differentiation, and (3) the bipotentiality of the germ cell.1

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“…Dureh die mannig'faehen Differenzen angeregt, welche sieh unter den Farschern bet Beabaehtung der Entwicklung dieser Organe erg'eben hatten, unternahm es J an a gi k (16) Hiervon abweichende Angaben machten v. B r u n n, der ein bindegewebiges Blastem als Quelle der Marksubstanz annahm, Semper (23), weleher die yon Balfour spitter der Marksubstanz homologisirten Suprarenalk6rper sieh bUS dem Mesoderm entwickeln liess, endlieh J a n o ~ i k und V a 1 e n t i, welche sie von der gleichen Epithelanlange wie die Rindensubstanz ableiteten.…”

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Die Entwicklung und Structur der Nebennieren bei den Vögeln

Rabl

1891

Archiv für mikrosk. Anat.

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Die Entwicklung und Structur tier Nebennieren bei den V6geln.Vou llans lgabl, cand. reed.Hierzu Tafel XXIX--XXXI.Die Nebennieren sind 0rg'ane, welche din.oh das Ritthselhafte ihres Banes und ihrer Function schon seit lang-cm die Forsehcr zur Untersuchung" angcregt haben. Darum ist auch die Literatur iiber dieselben zu einer ~tusserst umfangreichcn aug-ewachsen; leidcr wurden aber nahezu ausschliesslich S~tuget.hiere untcrsucht und datum konnten e~uch manche irrthtlmliche Ansichten untcrlaufcn, welche bci Vergleichung mit der Structur der Nebennieren bei den Sauropsidcn sicher entfallen waren.In neuercr Zeit hat sich besondcrs die Literatur tiber die Entwicklung dieser 0rganc schr vermehrt. Noch im Jahrc 1872 konntc sich mit Recht v. B r n n n (1) tiber die Aermlichkeit dcrselbcn bcklagcn; seitdcm ist abet eiue Reihc yon Arbeitcn erschienen, wclchc das dunkle durch seinen Zusammcnhang mit den UrogenitMorganen abcr h6chst interessantc Fold der Entwicklung der Ncbcnnieren in fruchtbring'ender Weise bebaut habcn, und uns wcnigstens einigermaassen cinch Einblick in dicsc complicirten Vcrhitltnisse gestatten. Bcvor ich zur Mittheilung mciner eigeneu Befunde gehe, ist es daher nothwcndig, einen kurzen Abriss der neuesten Publicationen anf diesem Gebiete zu geben.Die Annahmc yon H i s (2), welcher sich W a 1 d e y c r (3) und L e y d i g (4) anschlossen, dass die Nebcnniercn Reste des W o 1 f t~schcn K0rpers seien, tasst sich gegenw~rtig nicht mehr aufrecht harem Die Selbstst~tndigkcit diescr Org,'tne ist durch ihr frtihes, yon der U~miere unabhangiges Auftreten, sowic durch die zahlreichcn Kerntheilungsfiguren, die man sowohl in der Rinde, wic im Mark findet, geniigend bewiesen. Auch existirt nirgends Die 'Entwickiung" und-Strucmr der Nebennieren bei den VSg'eln. 493 ein Uebergang der Nebennierenstritnge in die Kanitle des Nebenhodens, respective des Parovariums, eine Thatsache, welche ieh insbesondere B r a n d t (5) gegentiber eonstatiren muss, der einen solehen in jtingster Zeit bei Viigeln besehrieben bat.Abgeseheu yon diesen alteren Angaben herrsehen gegenw/irtig fiber die Entstehung der Nebennieren zwei grunds[ttzlieh versehiedene Ansehauungeu, indem sie yon der einen Seite als Organe bindegewebigen Ursprungs, yon der andcren als epitheliale Gebilde aufg'efasst werden.Die erstere Ansehauung findet sich vertreten yon Balfour (6), v. Brunn (1), K~illiker (7), Braun (8), ~[i'tsuk u r i (9) und G o t t s c h a u (10), welche bei den verschiedensten Wirbelthieren (Selachier, Reptilien, VSgel, S~tugethiere) naehweisen zu k6nnen glaubten, dass die Nebenniere als eigenes Organ aus einem bindegewebigen Blastem, welches zwischen Aorta und Urniere gelegen sei, ihren Ursprung nehme. Es beruhen die irrthfimlichen Resultate dieser Forseher vor allem darauf, dass sie zu sp/~te Stadien untersucht haben, indcm es in der Entstehungsweise der Nebennieren gelegen ist, dass sic sieh sebr bald yon ihrem Mutterboden trennen und dann als isolirte Stritng'e und Zellhaufen ihre Abkunft nicht erkennen lassen. So g-ibt aueh Weldon (11) an, d...

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Bemerkungen über die entwicklung des genitalsystems

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

The adrenals, by Arthur Grollman.

The adrenals, by Arthur Grollman.

Embryological foundations of sex in vertebrates.

Die Entwicklung und Structur der Nebennieren bei den Vögeln

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