Belted Safety Jacket: a new concept in Powered Two-Wheeler passive safety

Grassi, Alessandro; Barbani, Daniele; Baldanzini, Niccolò; Barbieri, Ricardo; Pierini, Marco

doi:10.1016/j.prostr.2017.12.057

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This study did not consider angled crashes, and their effect on dummy trajectories was not evaluated. Every parameter (speed, angle, OV type, MC type) was managed by HyperStudy to automatically generate the simulation files with a runtime of 500 ms. As this study only evaluated primary impacts, a 500 ms window was considered adequate to capture these events in agreement with other studies [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The coefficient of friction between the dummy and the car was demonstrated to have a remarkable effect on trajectories and head impact time and was therefore set to 0.3, which is in accordance with IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1757-899X/1306/1/012034 5 several studies [6,18,20,30,31].…”

Section: Simulation Set-upmentioning

confidence: 64%

Influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclists’ trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes

Perticone,

Nardomarino,

Baldanzini

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Motorcyclists are highly vulnerable road users, and cars are one of their primary crash opponents. This study investigates the influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclist trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes. The analysis is based on a dataset of 120 multi-body crash simulations conducted using MADYMO and post-processed with MATLAB. An analysis of 1412 real-world Powered Two-Wheeler (PTW) to car accidents was conducted to determine the most common crash configurations and the associated ranges of the variables, such as vehicle speeds and contact points. Three PTW styles (sport-touring, scooter, and sport) and four car front-end designs (Sport utility vehicle (SUV), Family Car/Sedan (FCR), Roadster (RDS), and Multi-purpose vehicle (MPV)) were considered. The study examined the riders’ thrown distance in both collision types. It was observed that, regardless of the collision type, the head was identified overall as the primary body region coming into contact with the opposing vehicle, followed by the chest and neck. In frontal collisions, an augmented bonnet height corresponded to an increased incidence of head contact, whereas a lower bonnet height resulted in a higher frequency of chest contact. Moreover, the thrown distance depended also on PTW speed, particularly for sport and sport-touring motorcycles. Notably, contact with the car windscreen was only observed at velocities exceeding 60 km/h, whereas impact with the bonnet leading edge occurred exclusively below this threshold. Due to the shielding effect of their PTW’s fairing, scooter riders predominantly experienced no contact with the opposing vehicle. Sport-touring motorcycles exhibited a more vertical trajectory upon ejection, leading to a greater likelihood of overturning and subsequent rearward head impact with the vehicle. In contrast, sport motorcycles tended to forward projections with a high likelihood of chest contact. In the case of lateral impacts, it was observed that vehicles with a more prominent profile, such as SUVs and MPVs, equipped with protruding bumpers, effectively restrained riders. In this case, vehicle speed did not exert a significant influence on the thrown distance. Additionally, the presence of a conspicuous fuel tank and the initial posture of the rider on the PTW played a crucial role in determining the final thrown distance. Due to their upright postures and the absence of a pronounced fuel tank, scooter dummies were thrown further than others, thus causing head contact with the windscreen. These findings highlight the importance of car front-end design and PTW fairings in mitigating riders’ injuries and provide valuable insights to vehicle manufacturers for developing tailored safety measures for riders.

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Section: Simulation Set-upmentioning

confidence: 64%

Influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclists’ trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes

Perticone,

Nardomarino,

Baldanzini

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…riders and MotoGP managers), as well as technical discussions in research papers on airbag technology (e.g. Bellati et al 2006, Cossalter et al 2008, Grassi et al 2018, Lee 2018, Marconi et al 2018. News sources comprised the weekly UK newspaper Motorcycle News, monthly magazines Motorcycle Sport and Leisure, Bike, and MotorSport; online outlets such as motogp.com, Visor Down, Cycle News and Cycle World; and broadcasts such as Dorna's MotoGP™ podcast and Eurosport's Full Throttle.…”

Section: Methodological Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sites of qualification: the motorcycle rider airbag and the production of safety

Reimer

Pinch

2020

Journal of Cultural Economy

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The paper mobilises the distinctive notion of 'sites of qualification' as a means of providing an expansive understanding of how innovative products are designed, produced and brought to consumer markets. We focus on the development of a new safety product for motorcyclists, the rider airbag, in which inflatable body protection is either incorporated into, or worn underneath, textile jackets and leather suits. The paper follows the airbag's trajectory across a range of different sites, including lead firms and their territorial settings; MotoGP racetracks, mobile laboratories and professional riders; courts of law; and showroom and archive locations. The paper's sites of qualification approach expands understandings of innovation by constructing a dialogue between two sets of literatures: actor-network approaches to the qualification of products; and narratives which understand economic innovation as emerging through clusters of agents and firms within industrial districts. The conclusion emphasises that sites of qualification are integral to the ways in which technical products such as the rider airbag are made social.

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“…Again, the bulk mesh had been constructed by offsetting the nodes of the skin. Grassi et al introduced the concept of a belted safety jacket for powered-two wheelers, and by design of experiment, they verified the effectiveness of such a jacket in collisions with other vehicles and the potential to reduce the injury risk of the rider [15]. Klein et al presented a modeling method to drag simple pieces of cloth from a 2D shape into the 3D shape defined by the body surface of the wearing person [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining protective clothes with human body models for finite element ballistic impact simulations

Boljen

Jenerowicz

Bauer

et al. 2023

cdatp

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The ballistic deformation of an ultra-high-molecular-weight (UHMW) polyethylene (PE) composite has been subjected numerically to a multi-layered soft ballistic fabric package modelled upon the body contours of the Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) human body models M50-P and F05-P. The results of the clothing-body-interaction have been investigated and compared to the behavior of anthropomorphic surrogate models made from ballistic clay. For building the fabric model in donned shape, a single ply of woven fabric material has been converted upon the anthropomorphic body contour by subjecting it to a quasi-deep drawing process. After the fabric deformation, the shaped layer was duplicated 20 times and shifted outwards to build the fabric model, representing a multi-layered soft ballistic fabric package. The results of the ballistic impact simulation show that the response of the human body models (HBMs) is much more compliant than the behavior of the surrogate models. The deformation of the female HBM in terms of penetration depth and diameter of the affected impact region is slightly more severe than the deformation of the male counterpart with respect to identical impact conditions.

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Belted Safety Jacket: a new concept in Powered Two-Wheeler passive safety

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclists’ trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes

Influence of car front-end designs on motorcyclists’ trajectory in head-on and side-on-head crashes

Sites of qualification: the motorcycle rider airbag and the production of safety

Combining protective clothes with human body models for finite element ballistic impact simulations

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