Below-Background Ionizing Radiation as an Environmental Cue for Bacteria

Castillo, Hugo; Smith, Geoffrey B.

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00177

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…All living organisms on earth are exposed to a relatively constant dose of ionizing radiation called natural background radiation (76)(77)(78). Due to the shielding effect of overburden, the underground space environment, especially the deep underground, exists in a state of low background radiation (79).…”

Section: Underground Low Background Radiation Environment and Oxidatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress From Exposure to the Underground Space Environment

Gao

Zhou

2020

Front. Public Health

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There are a growing number of people entering underground spaces. However, underground spaces have unique environmental characteristics, and little is known about their effects on human health. It is crucial to elucidate the effects of the underground space environment on the health of humans and other organisms. This paper reviews the effects of hypoxia, toxic atmospheric particles, and low background radiation in the underground space environment on living organisms from the perspective of oxidative stress. Most studies have revealed that living organisms maintained in underground space environments exhibit obvious oxidative stress, which manifests as changes in oxidants, antioxidant enzyme activity, genetic damage, and even disease status. However, there are few relevant studies, and the pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. There remains an urgent need to focus on the biological effects of other underground environmental factors on humans and other organisms as well as the underlying mechanisms. In addition, based on biological research, exploring means to protect humans and living organisms in underground environments is also essential.

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Section: Underground Low Background Radiation Environment and Oxidatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress From Exposure to the Underground Space Environment

Gao

Zhou

2020

Front. Public Health

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“…Cells have evolved mechanisms for rapidly adjusting their biochemistry in response to changes in the environment, including radiation [22]. Most research has focused on the deleterious effects of acute, high or chronic radiation on cells, while some studies have demonstrated a stress response in cells grown at radiation doses that are 10 to 79 times lower than background [3]. In the present study, V79 cells cultured for 2 days in below-background radiation showed a changed protein profile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Several researchers have investigated the effects of low background radiation on living organisms maintained in deep underground laboratories (DUGLs) [3,4]. Eugster observed that the cyanobacterium Mastigogladus laminosus cultured in the Simplon tunnel (2000 m of rock cover) died after a few weeks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies showed no apparent difference in growth rates in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells and Chinese hamster V79 cells cultured in the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) compared to a control environment [8,9]. The reasons for these contrasting results remain to be elucidated [3]. Fortunately, research into the biological effects induced by the deep underground environment has attracted the attention of DUGLs worldwide, which were traditionally used for rare event experiments due to the virtual absence of cosmic rays In China, exploiting the deep underground space and resources has become a national priority [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proteomics provides insights into the inhibition of Chinese hamster V79 cell proliferation in the deep underground environment

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To characterize the environment of deep underground laboratory (DUGL) with a rock cover of 1470m and observe the effect of the DUGL environment on the growth and metabolism of Chinese hamster V79 cells. Results: Six environmental parameters in the DUGL and an above ground laboratory (AGL; control) were monitored. Compared to the AGL, O2 concentration was not significantly different, total γ ray dose rate was significantly lower (p=0.005), and relative humidity (p<0.001), air pressure (p<0.001), and concentration of CO2 and radon gas (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the DUGL. The growth curves of cultured V79 cells showed cell proliferation was slower in the DUGL. Tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics analysis was performed to identify differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in V79 cells cultured in the DUGL and AGL. Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) was conducted to verify TMT results. TMT detected 980 DAPs, defined as proteins with a ≥1.2-absolute fold change in relative abundance (p <0.05) between V79 cells cultured in the DUGL and AGL. Of these, 576 proteins were up-regulated and 404 proteins were down-regulated in V79 cells cultured in the DUGL. GO term enrichment analysis of up-regulated proteins revealed enrichment of proteins involved in translation, ribosome, proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, oxygen binding, and oxygen transporter activity et al. GO term enrichment analysis of downregulated proteins demonstrated enrichment of proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum lumenand respiratory chain. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that ribosome (p<0.001), base excision repair (p<0.001), RNA transport (p=0.009), Huntington's disease (p=0.023), and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPPL) (p=0.035) pathways were significantly enriched. Conclusion: Proliferation of V79 cells was inhibited in the DUGL, likely because cells were exposed to reduced cosmic ray muons flux. There were apparent changes in the proteome profile of the V79 cells cultured in the DUGL, which affected proteins related to the ribosome, RNA transport, translation, energy metabolism, and DNA repair.These proteins may have induced cellular changes that delayed proliferation but enhanced survival, making the V79 cells adaptable to the changing environment. Our findings provide insight into the cellular stress response that is triggered in the absence of normal levels of radiation.

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“…A minimum amount of radiation exposure appears to be essential for living organisms to develop and function. [6][7][8][9][10] Hence, if one were to plot radiation dose from acute and protracted exposure vs dose response, where we reduce the radiation dose to begin at absolute zero, i.e. with no dose from ambient natural background radiation, one then arrives at a curve like the one in Figure 2, where there are 2 thresholds.…”

Section: The Double Thresholdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Double Threshold: Consequences for Identifying Low-Dose Radiation Effects

Waltar

Feinendegen

2020

Dose-Response

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Prior to observing low-dose-induced cell signaling and adaptive protection, radiogenic stochastic effects were assumed to be linearly related to absorbed dose. Now, abundant data prove the occurrence of radiogenic adaptive protection specifically at doses below ∼ 200 mGy (with some data suggesting such protection at a dose even higher than 200 mGy). Moreover, cells do not thrive properly when deprived of radiation below background dose. Two threshold doses need be considered in constructing a valid dose-response relationship. With doses beginning to rise from zero, cells increasingly escape radiation deprivation. The dose at which radiation-deprived cells begin to function homeostatically provides dose Threshold A. With further dose increase, adaptive protection becomes prominent and then largely disappears at acute doses above ∼ 200 mGy. The dose at which damage begins to override protection defines Threshold B. Thresholds A and B should be terms in modeling dose-response functions. Regarding whole-body responses, current data suggest for low-LET acute, non-chronic, irradiation a Threshold B of about 100 mGy prevails, except for leukemia and probably some other malignancies, and for chronic, low dose-rate irradiation where the Threshold B may well reach 1 Gy per year. A new Research and Development Program should determine individual Thresholds A and B for various radiogenic cell responses depending on radiation quality and target.

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Below-Background Ionizing Radiation as an Environmental Cue for Bacteria

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Oxidative Stress From Exposure to the Underground Space Environment

Oxidative Stress From Exposure to the Underground Space Environment

Proteomics provides insights into the inhibition of Chinese hamster V79 cell proliferation in the deep underground environment

The Double Threshold: Consequences for Identifying Low-Dose Radiation Effects

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