“…In particular, the RE and LE estimators have been proposed as robust ridge and robust Liu estimators, along with many robust estimators. Some of these studies are Silvapulle, Arslan and Billor, Arslan and Billor, Midi and Zahari, Ma and Du, Filzmoser and Kurnaz, Işılar (Arslan & Billor, 1996, 2000; Filzmoser & Kurnaz, 2018; Işılar, 2020; Ma & Du, 2014; Midi & Zahari, 2007; Silvapulle, 1991).…”