Beliefs in being unlucky and deficits in executive functioning

Maltby, John; Day, Liz; Pinto, Diana G.; Hogan, Rebecca A.; Wood, Alex M.

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2012.11.014

Cited by 9 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The first finding, consistent with Maltby et al (2013), was that 'unlucky' individuals performed poorer in the Stroop and interference main effects when compared to the control group. The interference effect differences between groups is of great importance since it has been emphasized that the overall Stroop effect is not enough for an accurate conflict measure, and that it is necessary to have a comparison to a baseline neutral condition, with the interference effect, which measures an interference, or "cost", relative to a neutral condition, being the most reliable and robust component within the Stroop test (Henik & Salo 2004;Macleod, 1991).…”

Section: Preprintssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Second, individuals, believing themselves to be unlucky, fail to engage the executive functions needed for successful completion of key goals. Maltby et al (2013) showed some initial support for the Dysexecutive Luck hypothesis. First, self-report dysexecutive symptoms accounted for unique variance in beliefs in being unlucky after controlling for established correlates of luck beliefs (personality, irrational beliefs, and self-efficacy).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Consequently there is a literature that has focused on this distinction, with one theory, the Dysexecutive Luck hypothesis (Maltby et al, 2013), focusing on beliefs in being unlucky. The Dysexecutive Luck hypothesis proposes that beliefs in being unlucky are associated with poorer levels of executive functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To begin this consideration, we considered the Dysexecutive Luck hypothesis in terms of attentional control, because Maltby et al (2013) found evidence for the hypothesis around key attentional processes. The cascade-of-control model proposes that during attention demanding tasks, DLPFC takes a leading role in implementing top-down attentional control and, and later ACC activity is thought to be involved in resolving response-related attentional processes (Banich, 2009;Milham & Banich, 2005;Silton et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemental Information 1: Belief in Luck Scale Screening

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The present study tested the Dysexecutive Luck hypothesis by examining whether deficits in the early stage of top down attentional control led to an increase of neural activity in later stages of response related selection process among those who thought themselves to be unlucky. Individuals with these beliefs were compared to a control group using an PrePrintsThe present study tested the Dysexecutive Luck hypothesis by examining whether deficits in the early stage of top down attentional control led to an increase of neural activity in later stages of response related selection process among those who thought themselves to be unlucky.Individuals with these beliefs were compared to a control group using an Event-Related Potential (ERP) measure assessing underlying neural activity of semantic inhibition while completing a Stroop test. Results showed stronger main interference effects in the former group, via greater reaction times and a more negative distributed scalp late ERP component during incongruent trials in the time window of 450 -780 ms post stimulus onset. Further, less efficient maintenance of task set among the former group was associated with greater late ERP response-related activation to compensate for the lack of top-down attentional control. These findings provide electrophysiological evidence to support the Dysexecutive Luck hypothesis.

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Section: Preprintssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supplemental Information 1: Belief in Luck Scale Screening

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“…Although many factors, such as emotion, personal choice, optimism, perceived control, and neuroticism, have been related to the perceptions of luck (Darke & Freedman, 1997;Jiang, Cho, & Adaval, 2009;Thompson & Prendergast, 2013;Wohl & Enzle, 2002 a recent study suggests that cognitive functioning may play an important role for endorsing luck-related beliefs (Maltby, Day, Pinto, Hogan, & Wood, 2013). Across multiple studies, Maltby and colleagues (2013) show that, when controlling for other variables known to impact luck (i.e., irrational beliefs, optimism, self-efficacy, and personality), lower levels of executive functioning are predictive of the belief that one is unlucky -a phenomenon coined the dysexecutive luck hypothesis.…”

Section: Attribution Theory and Perceptions Of Luckmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Function and Beliefs in Luck in the Consumer Context

McManus

2014

SSRN Journal

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Dual-process attribution theories suggest that attributional reasoning involves automatic judgments that are adjusted by a controlled correction process. However, this corrective process is vulnerable to failure because human cognitive capacity is of a limited pool of resources. Three experiments test whether there is a corrective process for people who hold beliefs in luck, and if so, whether cognitive constraints inhibit this process. Results suggest inhibited executive function impedes the usual correction of beliefs in luck, which facilitates future expectations of success. As such, factors within our environment that tax cognitive resources may enable people to act on beliefs in luck. This finding holds important theoretical and practical implications for gambling because these factors could range from the mindset created by financial distress or the ambient casino environment.iii In loving memory of

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Limits of control: The effects of uncontrollability experiences on the efficiency of attentional control

et al. 2015

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Two experiments were conducted to explore the effects of experiencing uncontrollability on the efficiency of attentional control. The experience of uncontrollability was induced either by unsolvable tasks (Experiment 1) or by tasks in which non-contingent feedback was provided (Experiment 2). A version of the Attentional Network Test-Interactions with an additional measure of vigilance (ANTI-V) was used to evaluate the efficiency of the attentional networks (i.e., alerting, orienting, and executive). Results of both experiments revealed a decreased efficiency of executive attention in participants who experienced stable control deprivation but no negative effects in participants who were able to restore their sense of previously deprived control. Additionally, when participants were asked to perform unsolvable tasks and did not receive feedback (Experiment 1), detrimental effects on the orienting network and vigilance were observed. The motivational and cognitive mechanisms underlying the effects of various uncontrollability experiences on conflict resolution and attentional control are discussed.

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Beliefs in being unlucky and deficits in executive functioning

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

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Cognitive Function and Beliefs in Luck in the Consumer Context

Limits of control: The effects of uncontrollability experiences on the efficiency of attentional control

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