Beliefs about Women's Labour in the Reunified Germany, 1991 2004

Lee, Kristen S.; Alwin, Duane F.; Tufiș, Paula A.

doi:10.1093/esr/jcm015

“…In the United States, two-thirds of the pro-feminist changes during the 1970s and 1980s were due to intra-cohort change (Mason and Lu, 1988), while between the mid-1980s and 1990s, population turnover was the main mechanism of change ( Scott et al, 1996). Comparing East and West Germany during the post-communist period, Lee et al (2007) found a higher contribution from population turnover in West Germany, while in the East, the change in gender beliefs was mainly produced by intra-cohort change. While there is higher variability in the contribution of the two processes to the liberaliza tion of gender beliefs, many of the researchers studying this topic have come to the conclusion that intra-cohort change is produced by contextual changes, while ageing has no effect (Brooks and Bolzendahl, 2004).…”

Section: Mechanisms O F Change In Gender Attitudes and Beliefsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in gender beliefs in Romania: 1993–2008

Voicu

¹

,

Tufiș²

2012

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The impact of modernization and industrialization on gender arrangements has been different depending on the gender culture that predominated when the modernization process started. Romania was among the most rural societies in Europe after the Second World War. Women’s involvement in agricultural activity was very high, but the gender division of work was a very traditional one. The communist regimes promoted a full employment policy for the entire population but did nothing to encourage gender equality in the private space. This article focuses on the Romanian case, aiming to identify the dynamics of gender beliefs during the post-communist period. Using data from two waves of the European Values Survey (1990, 1999), as well as data provided by the Public Opinion Barometer 2007 and by Family Life – 2008, the authors carried out standard cohort decomposition methods in order to detect the mechanism that produced the most variation in gender beliefs.

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“…married women if there is a gender pay gap, implying comparative advantages of men in market activities, or if men possess more bargaining power due to cultural or historical reasons. Since for historical reasons female employment has been and still is more widespread (Hanel and Riphahn 2011) and accepted (Lee et al 2007) in East Germany, one should therefore expect housework activities to be less gendered in East than in West Germany and females to be more committed to employment, which is indeed found (see Bauer et al 1996, Adler andBrayfield 1997, and our own findings below in Sect. 4).…”

Section: Literature Review and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…What is more, the German case seems to be of particular interest given the persistent differences between the East and the West German labour markets: While labour market participation of East German women is found to be significantly higher than for West German women (e.g., Hanel and Riphahn 2011), there is also ample evidence that the gender pay gap is lower in East Germany (e.g., Hunt 2002;Maier 2007). What is more, there is evidence that (1) East German women value employment considerably higher and commit themselves more to paid work than West German women (Adler and Brayfield 1997), (2) part-time work is less widespread and accepted and time allocation to household activities is less gendered in East than in West Germany (Bauer et al 1996), and (3) prejudices against female employment are less pronounced among East Germans (Lee et al 2007). These observations seem to still reflect to some extent the entirely different policies with respect to female employment in the former German Democratic Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany documented in Bauer et al (1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of housework on wages in Germany: no impact at all

Hirsch

¹

,

Konietzko

²

2012

J Labour Market Res

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu Abstract This paper presents evidence on the impact of hours spent on housework activities on individuals' wages for Germany using data from both the German SocioEconomic Panel and the German Time Use Survey. In contrast to most of the international literature, we find no negative effect of housework on wages. This holds for men and women, for married and single individuals, and for parttime and full-time workers both in West and East Germany. Our insights do not change when we distinguish different types of housework activities or address the endogeneity of housework in our wage regressions by using instrumental variables estimators. Terms of use: Documents in Keywords

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“…Note that although considerable differences can be found in child care availability between West and East Germany (e.g. Leitner et al 2008) and also in attitudes to employment and fertility in general (Bernardi et al 2006;Lee et al 2007) as well as employment patterns (Matysiak and Steinmetz 2008), these spatial differences are not of main interest here and will not be considered further.…”

Section: Fertility and Labor Force Participationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Demographic Dilemma: Fertility, Female Labor Force Participation and Future Growth in Germany 2007-2060

Dudel

¹

2009

SSRN Journal

1

0

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research at DIW BerlinThis series presents research findings based either directly on data from the German SocioEconomic Panel Study (SOEP) or using SOEP data as part of an internationally comparable data set (e.g. CNEF, ECHP, LIS, LWS, CHER/PACO). SOEP is a truly multidisciplinary household panel study covering a wide range of social and behavioral sciences: economics, sociology, psychology, survey methodology, econometrics and applied statistics, educational science, political science, public health, behavioral genetics, demography, geography, and sport science.The decision to publish a submission in SOEPpapers is made by a board of editors chosen by the DIW Berlin to represent the wide range of disciplines covered by SOEP. There is no external referee process and papers are either accepted or rejected without revision. Papers appear in this series as works in progress and may also appear elsewhere. They often represent preliminary studies and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be requested from the author directly. Christian Dudel * January 2009Abstract The aim of this paper is to show possible consequences of changes in labor force participation of women and the connection between fertility and labor force participation on the future demographic and economic development in Germany. For this purpose a projection model based on micro-data covering the population development as well as the development of the labor force is computed for different scenarios, varying in the extent of changes in female participation rates. The results point to a sharp decline in size of the total population and labor force as well as on negative effects of demographic development on growth, mediated through incompatibility of fertility and participation. It is argued that this incompatibility leads to a demographic dilemma, imposing negative effects on growth either in short or in long term.Keywords: Demographic forecast, labor supply, fertility, economic growth JEL Classification: J11, J21, O40 * Ruhr-Universität Bochum, e-mail: christian.dudel@rub.de. I would like to thank Jörg Althammer, Kevin Folger, Sebastian Jeworutzki, Katharina Lerch, Dominik Libuda, Patrick Neuhaus, Ulrich Pötter and Götz Rohwer for helpful comments and suggestions. All errors remain mine.

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Beliefs about Women's Labour in the Reunified Germany, 1991 2004

Cited by 73 publications

References 50 publications

Trends in gender beliefs in Romania: 1993–2008

Trends in gender beliefs in Romania: 1993–2008

The effect of housework on wages in Germany: no impact at all

The Demographic Dilemma: Fertility, Female Labor Force Participation and Future Growth in Germany 2007-2060

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