“…Thus, the research results obtained about the impact of each factor on the independence of auditing and audit quality are different, even contradictory. Many studies have found no evidence in relation to factors such as non-audit services (Beaulieu & Reinstein, 2010;DeFond, Raghunandan, & Subramanyam, 2002;Ghosh & Pawlewicz, 2009;Ratzinger-Sakel, 2013;Seetharaman, Sun, & Wang, 2011), cost of auditing (Chi, Huang, Liao, & Xie, 2009;Choi, Sohn, & Yuen, 2018;Dogui, Boiral, & Heras-Saizarbitoria, 2014;Li, 2009;Reynolds & Francis, 2001), the size of the auditing firm (Canning & Gwilliam, 1999), the audit tenure (Carcello & Nagy, 2004;Ruiz-Barbadillo, Gomez-Aguilar, & Carrera, 2009;Wen & Hay, 2013) that affect the auditor independence.…”