“…For this survey Christian congregations were defined as a distinct group of Christians who regularly gather together at a designated location for worship services, promotion of religious beliefs and ministry (adapted from McGrew and Cnaan 2006; Van Pelt et al 2008). Urban congregations were operationalized to mean those churches located in one of Canada's nine urban centers (i.e., Census Metropolitan Areas) having an immigrant population above the national average of 20% (in rank order: Toronto, Vancouver, Abbotsford, Calgary, Hamilton, Windsor, Kitchener, Montreal, Guelph).…”