Beiträge zur Physiologie schwerer körperlicher Arbeit

Christensen, E. Hohwü

doi:10.1007/bf02010114

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…20 On the statistical methods and terminology used in the analysis of the data 3 For brevity in the description of our data, we have made use of the ordinary statistical terminology. As The results are given in detail in Table IV, which has been placed at the end of this paper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac output and oxygen consumption. Of more interest is the relationship between cardiac output and oxygen consumption, stressed by previous investigators as a result of studies on normal persons at exercise (20) and at rest (7). In our control group the correlation is good, the coefficient being 0.65 (Table II1, (22) this may well be a factor in the production of edema in such cases.…”

Section: Basal Work and Output Of Heartmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies of the Basal Work and Output of the Heart in Clinical Conditions

Starr¹,

Collins²,

Wood³

1933

J. Clin. Invest.

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Any method of determining the volume of the cardiac output in man which requires intelligent, alert and active cooperation by the subject can scarcely be regarded as suited to the study of this most important aspect of cardiac function in the clinic. Errors are sure to arise from ignorance, lack of training, excitement, apprehension, etc., of such magnitude as to render results worthless. When the ethyl iodide method of Henderson and Haggard (1) was devised, in which the sole requirement of the subject is that he breathe through a mouthpiece, it appeared that a long step had been taken toward the attainment of quantitative information concerning the heart's output under the various circumstances of disease. Impressed by these possibilities Starr and Gamble, at the suggestion of Professor A. N. Richards and with generous assistance from Professor Henderson, learned to use the method and began the study of normal subjects in order to accumulate the experience and the data requisite for its profitable application to patients. Unfortunately discrepancies were soon encountered between their experiences and those which Henderson and Haggard had published.It was soon evident that, by means of the analytical method of Henderson and Haggard, known concentrations of ethyl iodide could not be estimated with satisfactory accuracy. It was therefore necessary to devise new methods which met this requirement (2). Employing these methods Starr and Gamble were unable to verify certain of the conceptions on which the original method was based, namely the absence of ethyl iodide from blood returning to the lungs, and the size of the distribution coefficient for ethyl iodide between air and blood (3). They were therefore confronted with the question of abandoning the project altogether or of so altering the plan of the method that it should yield results in which they could have confidence. The latter alternative was chosen, the distribution coefficient was redetermined and the method was redesigned so that the relatively large amount of ethyl iodide in venous blood could be estimated at each determination of cardiac output. By means of this new method it was found possible to make satisfactory estimations of the flow of blood perfused through the lungs of dogs at a known rate 13

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basal Work and Output Of Heartmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the Basal Work and Output of the Heart in Clinical Conditions

Starr¹,

Collins²,

Wood³

1933

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…It is possible that a higher volume of training (e.g., 2 sessions per day) might have led to further improvements in V O 2 max beyond 7 wk. Christensen (6) demonstrated, in humans, the need for a gradual increase in training load with improved performance, in the case of the effect on HR, as early as in 1931. He observed that regular endurance training at a given exercise rate gradually lowered the HR, in line with results from the present study (Fig.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Effects Of Aerobic Endurance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensity-controlled treadmill running in rats: V˙o _2 max and cardiac hypertrophy

Wisløff¹,

Helgerud

Kemi³

et al. 2001

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

239

250

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Physiological studies of long-term cardiovascular adaptation to exercise require training regimens that give robust conditioning effects and adequate testing procedures to quantify the outcome. We developed a valid and reproducible protocol for measuring maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2 max)), which was reached at a 25 degrees inclination with a respiratory exchange ratio > 1.05 and blood lactate > 6 mmol/l. The effect of intensity-controlled aerobic endurance training was studied in adult female and male rats that ran 2 h/day, 5 days/wk, in intervals of 8 min at 85-90% of VO(2 max) and 2 min at 50-60% of VO(2 max), with adjustment of exercise level according to VO(2 max) every week. After 7 wk, the increase in VO(2 max) plateaued at 60-70% above sedentary controls. Ventricular weights and myocyte length were up 25-30% and 6-12%, respectively. Work economy, oxygen pulse, and heart rate were sufficiently changed to indicate substantial cardiovascular adaptation. The model mimics important human responses to training and could be used in future studies on cellular, molecular, and integrative mechanisms of improved cardiovascular function.

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“…Already in the 1930s the drop in heart rate as a result of training was described in detail following experimental analyses carried out by Christensen (16). Less uniform are views on the influence of endurance training on the behavior of the blood pressure at rest and at given levels of work.…”

Section: Lack Of Movement and Its Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Different Forms of Physical Activity with Respect to Preventive and Rehabilitative Cardiology*

Hollmann¹,

Rost²,

Liesen³

et al. 1981

Int J Sports Med

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Beiträge zur Physiologie schwerer körperlicher Arbeit

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Studies of the Basal Work and Output of the Heart in Clinical Conditions

Studies of the Basal Work and Output of the Heart in Clinical Conditions

Intensity-controlled treadmill running in rats: V˙o _2 max and cardiac hypertrophy

Assessment of Different Forms of Physical Activity with Respect to Preventive and Rehabilitative Cardiology*

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Beiträge zur Physiologie schwerer körperlicher Arbeit

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Studies of the Basal Work and Output of the Heart in Clinical Conditions

Studies of the Basal Work and Output of the Heart in Clinical Conditions

Intensity-controlled treadmill running in rats: V˙o 2 max and cardiac hypertrophy

Assessment of Different Forms of Physical Activity with Respect to Preventive and Rehabilitative Cardiology*

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Product

Resources

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Intensity-controlled treadmill running in rats: V˙o _2 max and cardiac hypertrophy