Beiträge Zur Innervation Der Leber

Russu, I.G.; Vaida, A; Dumitrascu, D.; Lucaciu, Octavian C.

doi:10.1159/000141711

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Earlier studies that employed gold, silver, or osmium staining methods disagreed as to the extent of innervation of the vasculature, bile ducts, and, particularly, the hepatic parenchymal cells (Pfluger, 1869; Nesterowsky, 1875; Holbrook, 1882; Korolkow, 1893; Reigele, 1928; Nonidez, 1936; Alexander, 1940; Kuntz, 1945; Tsai, 1958; Karuper, 1961; Mikhail and Saleh, 1961; Russu et al, 1961; Macallum, 1987). These methods, however, were limited by their inability to discriminate between aminergic and cholinergic nerves as well as between nerves and connective tissue elements.…”

Section: Intrinsic Efferent Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of efferent hepatic nerves

McCuskey

2004

Anat. Rec.

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The role of neural elements in regulating blood flow through the hepatic sinusoids, solute exchange, and parenchymal function is incompletely understood. This is due in part to limited investigation in only a few species whose hepatic innervation may differ significantly from humans. For example, most experimental studies have used rats and mice having livers with little or no intralobular innervation. In contrast, most other mammals, including humans, have aminergic and peptidergic nerves extending from perivascular plexus in the portal space into the lobule, where they course in Disse's space in close relationship to stellate cells (fat storing cells of Ito) and hepatic parenchymal cells. While these fibers extend throughout the lobule, they predominate in the periportal region. Cholinergic innervation, however, appears to be restricted to structures in the portal space and immediately adjacent hepatic parenchymal cells. Neuropeptides have been colocalized with neurotransmitters in both adrenergic and cholinergic nerves. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been colocalized in aminergic nerves supplying all segments of the hepatic-portal venous and the hepatic arterial and biliary systems. Nerve fibers immunoreactive for substance P and somatostatin follow a similar distribution. Intralobular distribution of all of these nerve fibers is species-dependent and similar to that reported for aminergic fibers. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are reported to coexist in cholinergic and sensory afferent nerves innervating portal veins and hepatic arteries and their branches, but not the other vascular segments or the bile ducts. Nitrergic nerves immunoreactive for neuronal nitric oxide (nNOS) are located in the portal tract where nNOS colocalizes with both NPY-and CGRP-containing fibers. In summary, the liver is innervated by aminergic, cholinergic, peptidergic, and nitrergic nerves. While innervation of structures in the portal tract is relatively similar between species, the extent and distribution of intralobular innervation are highly variable as well as species-dependent and may be inversely related to the density of gap junctions between contiguous hepatic parenchymal cells. 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Section: Intrinsic Efferent Innervationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy of efferent hepatic nerves

McCuskey

2004

Anat. Rec.

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“…Light microscope studies have shown that a large proportion of fibers ramify with major vessels and form fine plexuses in the adventitia of arterioles and venules. From there, branches extend to the media to terminate on smooth muscle fibers, suggesting that these nerves may subserve vasomotor functions (7,127,176,218). There are also descriptions of fibers running through and terminating near the Disse's spaces, the pericapillary margins that separate endothelial from parenchymal cells (70,118,127,194,195).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, several authors have described nerve fibrils associated with endothelial cells in the intima of the hepatic veins in man (176) and guinea pig (218) that were considered, by virtue of their location, to represent vascular sensory receptors.…”

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confidence: 99%

Sensory functions of the liver--a review

Sawchenko¹,

Friedman²

1979

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

106

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In this paper we critically review anatomic, electrophysiological, physiological, and behavioral evidence for neural receptors in the liver. Several lines of evidence suggest that the afferent innervation of the liver may be substantial, although few anatomic studies have directly addressed the question of an hepatic sensory supply. On the other hand, there is convincing functional evidence for a variety of hepatic sensory receptors. Hepatic osmo-, ion, and baroreceptors, sensitive to changes in the osmolarity and electrolyte concentrations in blood and to variations in portal venous pressure, modulate diuresis and natriuresis. Metabolic receptors, for which the adequate stimuli have not yet been specified, influence feeding behavior and gastric acid secretion in response to alterations in hepatic metabolism associated with changes in the supply of metabolic fuels. Directions for future research are suggested and general conclusions about the role of hepatic receptors in homeostasis are discussed.

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Intrahepatic distribution of nerves in the rat

1978

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The intrahepatic distribution of nerves in the rat was studied using neurohistochemical and electron microscopic methods. Innervation was restricted primarily to vessels in the portal space and hilus. Both adrenergic and cholinergic fibers were observed in the adventitia of hepatic arteries, and to a lesser extent adjacent to portal veins. Some of the cholinergic fibers, however, were not contiguous with the vasculature. Near the hilus many of these fibers were associated with ganglia while peripherally some coursed into the immediately adjacent parenchyma where end bulbs abutted on hepatocytes. Ultrastructurally, scattered small nerves, devoid of neurolemma, were found contiguous with the portal lamina of hepatocytes. Nerve fibers deeper within the lobule were not seen but numerous gap junctions were observed between contiguous hepatocytes. Central and sublobular hepatic veins lacked innervation but adrenergic nerves were demonstrated in the walls of larger hepatic veins. Innervation of the biliary system was sparse. While nerves were interposed between vessels and bile ducts, such nerves tended to be associated more closely with the vasculature.

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Beiträge Zur Innervation Der Leber

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Anatomy of efferent hepatic nerves

Anatomy of efferent hepatic nerves

Sensory functions of the liver--a review

Intrahepatic distribution of nerves in the rat

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