Beiträge zur Blütenbiologie der Luzerne

Ufer, Max

doi:10.1007/bf01812629

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Thus, our attention is concentrated, first of all, to these main species of wild bees in the observations to follow. The specific structure of insect pollinators ascertained in this country is in good agreement with that observed in Germany (SCHAFFLER 1932, UFER 1932, in Poland (NOWAK 1962), and in Sweden (AKERBERG et LESINS 1949). In the southern parts of our territory (S Moravia, Slovakia), we observed even such species that do not occur in western and northern Europe due to the fact that the abundance and number of species of bees increases towards the South of the European continent.…”

Section: Specific Composition Of Bees Tripping and Pollinating Lucernsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Most of the reports on wild bees pollinating lucerne flowers come from North America (BOHART, 1957, etc.). In central and northern Europe, observations on wild bees pollinating lucerne are found both in the older papers of German authors (KNUTH, 1889;SCHAFFLER, 1932;UFER, 1932) and in more recent modern papers from Sweden (AKERBERG et LESINS, 1949), the USSR (POPOV, 1958;RASULOV, 1959), Poland (NOWAK, 1962) and Hungary (MOCZAR, 1954(MOCZAR, , 1959(MOCZAR, , 1961b(MOCZAR, , 1962, critically evaluating the importance of different species of wild bees. In Czechoslovakia, a preliminary report on insects pollinating lucerne was published by OBRTEL et SEDIV'~ (1965); BELAKOVA (1966) observed pollinators of lucerne in southern Slovakia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Observations on Bees Pollinating Lucerne in Czechoslovakia (Hym. Apidae)

Šedivý

Obrtel

1968

Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie

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Summary Bees pollinating lucerne were investigated during 1964 and 1965 in the main seed producing areas of Czechoslovakia. Twenty‐nine species of bees (Hym. Apidae) were observed to visit, trip and pollinate lucerne flowers. Of these, Rhophites canus Eversm. and Melitta leporina Panz. were ascertained in all study areas, the remaining species showed scattered occurrence. In Czechoslovakia, the abundance of lucerne pollinators increases from the NW to the SE and varies considerably in individual stands. Of the species observed, Melitturga clavicornis Latr., Melitta leporina Pz. and Rhophites canus Eversm. tripped the highest percentages of flowers visited. The honey‐bees were found to accidentally trip less than 1% of flowers visited. The importance of bumble‐bees (Bombus spp.) for the pollination of lucerne is negligible, as the seed crops of lucerne are in bloom at a period when bumble‐bee colonies disintegrate and the bumble‐bees do not collect pollen any more. The numbers and efficiency of wild bees vary in connection with daily, annual and local variation of factors governing their activity. The numbers of bee pollinators of lucerne in Czechoslovakia are low and cannot account for satisfactory seed setting. Their work must be evaluated with respect to self‐tripping of lucerne. Conditions favouring self‐tripping are much the same as those favouring activity of pollinators. Zusammenfassung Die Bestäuber wurden zwei Jahre lang in den wichtigsten Luzerneanbaugebieten für Samengewinnung in der Tschechoslowakei verfolgt. Es wurden 29 Solitärbienenarten bei der Bestäubung der Luzerne beobachtet. Die Arten Rhophites canus und Melitta leporina wurden auf allen Beobachtungsstellen festgestellt, die übrigen Arten sind nur sporadisch aufgetreten. Die zahlenmäßige Stärke der Luzernebestäuber nimmt in der Tschechoslowakei in Richtung von NW nach SO zu und ist in den einzelnen Beständen stark veränderlich. Von den beobachteten Arten haben Melitturga clavicornis, Melitta leporina und Rhophites canus die meisten Luzerneblüten geöffnet. Die Honigbiene hat sporadisch weniger als 1% der besuchten Blüten geöffnet. Der Hummel kommt in der Bestäubung der Luzerne nur geringste Bedeutung zu, da die Blütezeit des Samenschnitts sich zeitlich mit dem Zerfall der Hummelnester deckt, die Hummel also keinen Pollen mehr sammelt. Die zahlenmäßige Stärke und Arbeitseffektivität der Solitärbienen schwankt durch Abhängigkeit von ekoklimatischen Faktoren, die die Bienenaktivität während des Tages, während der einzelnen Jahre und ortsbedingt beeinflussen. Die Abundanz der Solitärbiene ist in der Tschechoslowakei gering und die Bestäuber können nicht als Hauptfaktor angesehen werden, durch den der Samenansatz beeinflußt ist. Die Auswirkung der Bestäuber ist vielmehr in Zusammenhang mit den sich von selbst lösenden Blüten zu bewerten. Die günstigen Bedingungen für das selbsttätige Lösen der Luzerneblüte sind ähnlich wie die für eine günstige Aktivität der Bestäuber.

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Section: Specific Composition Of Bees Tripping and Pollinating Lucernsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Observations on Bees Pollinating Lucerne in Czechoslovakia (Hym. Apidae)

Šedivý

Obrtel

1968

Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie

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“…Kirk and White (1933), as a result of a preliminary examination of our present research material, considered that tripping of the flowers probably was not necessary for fertilisation. Burkill (1894), Hackbarth (1930) and Ufer (1932), on the other hand, state without reserve that fertilisation only occurs if the flowers are tripped.…”

Section: Automatic Tripping In Relation To Pod-settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing seed-setting in alfalfa

Armstrong

White

1935

J. Agric. Sci.

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With Plate I and Five Text-figures.)THE improvement of alfalfa with respect to seed production is one of the major projects of the Dominion Department of Agriculture. The problem is being attacked chiefly from the standpoint of genetics, but some attention is being given also to various other factors which inflnp.np.ft seed-setting. The basis of this study is a special group of plants which produce seed abundantly and normally by self-fertilisation. These have been described by Kirk and White (1933), and their possible utility in breeding for seed production has been fully discussed by Kirk (1933).A natural development in breeding work with these autogamous alfalfa plants was the obvious necessity of determining the mechanism by which pollination and fertilisation are effected in the absence of any external agency responsible for tripping of the flowers. It was desired to know precisely why a high percentage of the flowers of these plants consistently produced pods when protected from insect pollinators, whereas the generality of alfalfa plants produce little or no seed unless the flowers are artificially manipulated. A general study was undertaken, therefore, of various factors which might have a bearing on pollination and fertilisation in the case both of ordinary alfalfa and the normally self-fertilised plants.

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Faktoren, die die Samenbildung der Luzerne beeinflussen

Torssell¹

1936

Der Züchter

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Beiträge zur Blütenbiologie der Luzerne

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Observations on Bees Pollinating Lucerne in Czechoslovakia (Hym. Apidae)

Observations on Bees Pollinating Lucerne in Czechoslovakia (Hym. Apidae)

Factors influencing seed-setting in alfalfa

Faktoren, die die Samenbildung der Luzerne beeinflussen

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