Being “Them” and “Us” at the Same Time? Subgroups of Cultural Identification Change Among Adolescent Diaspora Immigrants

Stoessel, Katharina; Titzmann, Peter F.; Silbereisen, Rainer Κ.

doi:10.1177/0022022114534770

“…Although this is a greater number than what was found in previous studies (Knight et al, 2014;Schwartz et al, 2015;Stoessel et al, 2014), this was the number of groups that was suggested by the data. One possible reason for this difference is that we used group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) and not latent growth mixture modeling (LGMM).…”

Section: Two Three Four Five or Six Trajectory Groups?contrasting

confidence: 54%

“…For each dimension, there was an increasing group (increasing in both U.S. and Latino behavior, values, and identity) and a stable group (little to no change in both U.S. and Latino behavior, values, and identity). A study Finally, a study of German Russian adolescents used dual process growth curve modeling to identify three trajectories combining German and Russian cultural identity: 1) high and stable identification with being German and low increasing identification with being Russian, 2) low and stable identification with being German and high, decreasing identification with being Russian, and 3) moderate and stable identification with both being German and Russian (Stoessel et al, 2014). One group appears in all of these studies, including ours: moderate, stable groups in U.S. and heritage culture orientation, indicating adolescents involved in both over time.…”

Section: Two Three Four Five or Six Trajectory Groups?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Person-Centered Trajectories of Cultural Values and Behaviors among Chinese American Adolescents

Syed¹,

Juang²

2017

Preprint

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This study examined change in acculturation values and behavior among 310 Chinese American adolescents, and how patterns of change were related to key demographic variables and indicators of positive youth development. Dual process group-based trajectory models of change in U.S. and Chinese values and behaviors indicated a six-group solution for each. The results showed that acculturation value patterns were not related to gender, nativity, or parent education, but were related to family cohesion, self-esteem, general and academic self-efficacy, and GPA.Acculturation behavior patterns were not related to gender but were related to nativity and parent education, and were also related to general self-efficacy and family cohesion. Taken together, our findings suggest that most trajectories of development are associated with positive outcomes, but there are small groups of adolescents that function very well (those who maintain higher behavioral involvement in both) and some not very well, especially those whose behaviors are becoming more disparate over time.Keywords: acculturation trajectories, Chinese American, positive youth development Acculturation Trajectories 3 Acculturation research has had difficulty integrating person-centered approaches that examine configuration of processes, with longitudinal models that reveal how those processes change over time. Accordingly, much of the theoretical foundations of acculturation research have not been adequately tested. The three aims of the study address these limitations in the literature by examining acculturation trajectories among Chinese American adolescents. First, using group based trajectory modeling, we examine adolescent Chinese and U.S. acculturation trajectories in the domains of values and behaviors over time. Second, we examine the effects of three predictors of change in acculturation, namely, gender, nativity, and parent education. Third, we test whether these trajectories are related to aspects of the self (self-esteem, general selfefficacy), academics (academic self-efficacy, GPA), and family (family cohesion). These areas represent key aspects of positive youth development, namely, confidence, competence, and connection (Lerner, 2004). Assessing Acculturation StrategiesOn an individual level, acculturation refers to the process of individual change in values, behaviors, and identities as a result of continuous contact with a new, distinct culture (Ward & Geeaert, 2016). The bidimensional view of acculturation posits that individuals can potentially orient towards the majority culture while maintaining a strong connection to their heritage culture, and that orientation towards the majority and heritage cultures are orthogonal dimensions on which individuals vary (Berry, 2003;Schwartz et al., 2010). The nature of the variability along the two dimensions is informative of the particular acculturation strategies that individuals adopt. Much of the past literature has taken a dichotomous view of the two dimensions to create four distinct strat...

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“…Some of our groups overlap with some of the groups identified in three previous studies of trajectories. In one study of Latino adolescents, latent class analysis was used to identify two groups based on acculturation behavior, values, and identity trajectories (Schwartz et al, 2015 Finally, a study of German Russian adolescents used dual process growth curve modeling to identify three trajectories combining German and Russian cultural identity: 1) high and stable identification with being German and low increasing identification with being Russian, 2) low and stable identification with being German and high, decreasing identification with being Russian, and 3) moderate and stable identification with both being German and Russian (Stoessel et al, 2014). One group appears in all of these studies, including ours: moderate, stable groups in U.S. and heritage culture orientation, indicating adolescents involved in both over time.…”

Section: Two Three Four Five or Six Trajectory Groups?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Person‐centered trajectories of cultural values and behaviors among Chinese American adolescents

Syed

¹

,

Juang

²

2017

Journal of Adolescence

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This study examined change in acculturation values and behavior among 310 Chinese American adolescents, and how patterns of change were related to key demographic variables and indicators of positive youth development. Dual process group-based trajectory models of change in U.S. and Chinese values and behaviors indicated a six-group solution for each. The results showed that acculturation value patterns were not related to gender, nativity, or parent education, but were related to family cohesion, self-esteem, general and academic self-efficacy, and GPA.Acculturation behavior patterns were not related to gender but were related to nativity and parent education, and were also related to general self-efficacy and family cohesion. Taken together, our findings suggest that most trajectories of development are associated with positive outcomes, but there are small groups of adolescents that function very well (those who maintain higher behavioral involvement in both) and some not very well, especially those whose behaviors are becoming more disparate over time.Keywords: acculturation trajectories, Chinese American, positive youth development Acculturation Trajectories 3 Acculturation research has had difficulty integrating person-centered approaches that examine configuration of processes, with longitudinal models that reveal how those processes change over time. Accordingly, much of the theoretical foundations of acculturation research have not been adequately tested. The three aims of the study address these limitations in the literature by examining acculturation trajectories among Chinese American adolescents. First, using group based trajectory modeling, we examine adolescent Chinese and U.S. acculturation trajectories in the domains of values and behaviors over time. Second, we examine the effects of three predictors of change in acculturation, namely, gender, nativity, and parent education. Third, we test whether these trajectories are related to aspects of the self (self-esteem, general selfefficacy), academics (academic self-efficacy, GPA), and family (family cohesion). These areas represent key aspects of positive youth development, namely, confidence, competence, and connection (Lerner, 2004). Assessing Acculturation StrategiesOn an individual level, acculturation refers to the process of individual change in values, behaviors, and identities as a result of continuous contact with a new, distinct culture (Ward & Geeaert, 2016). The bidimensional view of acculturation posits that individuals can potentially orient towards the majority culture while maintaining a strong connection to their heritage culture, and that orientation towards the majority and heritage cultures are orthogonal dimensions on which individuals vary (Berry, 2003;Schwartz et al., 2010). The nature of the variability along the two dimensions is informative of the particular acculturation strategies that individuals adopt. Much of the past literature has taken a dichotomous view of the two dimensions to create four distinct strat...

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“…They lived in the territory of the former Soviet Union for many generations and were well adapted to Russian mainstream culture (Dietz 2003). The result of this is that ethnic German adolescents speak little German when they arrive in Germany (Stoessel et al 2014) and that this group is viewed as not quite German by the German majority and are often labeled ''Russians,'' which reflects a low social status and the negative prejudice held by the German majority population. For this reason, Aussiedler have been found to experience very similar challenges to those of adolescents from other immigrant groups, such as discrimination or language problems.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Language hassles are negative experiences resulting from an insufficient command of the local language and are associated with challenges in communication with peers and teachers (Titzmann et al 2011). Sociocultural adaptation hassles refer to the behavioral insecurity of adolescent immigrants, or whether the way they behave in a certain situation is appropriate in the new context (Stoessel et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acculturation in Context: The Moderating Effects of Immigrant and Native Peer Orientations on the Acculturation Experiences of Immigrants

Titzmann

¹

,

Jugert

²

2015

J Youth Adolescence

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Immigrant adolescents have to navigate through a complex social environment consisting of, at least, both a native and a co-ethnic community. This study used a multi-level framework to consider two research questions involving this complexity. The individual-level associations of acculturation orientations and acculturative hassles (language and sociocultural adaptation) was assessed in immigrant youths, and whether this association differs depending on the school-level acculturation orientations held by co-ethnic peers, and the school-level orientations toward immigrants held by native German peers. We then investigated whether acculturative hassles are associated with the psychosocial functioning (self-efficacy, depressive symptoms) of immigrant adolescents. The sample comprised 650 ethnic German Diaspora migrant adolescents (mean age 15.6 years, 53.7 % female) and their 787 native German peers (mean age 15.05 years, 51 % female). The results showed that contextual factors (co-ethnic acculturation orientation, native friendship preferences) moderated the association between the acculturation orientations of adolescent immigrants and both types of acculturative hassles. Acculturative hassles, in turn, were associated with the psychosocial functioning of adolescents. This research demonstrates that a person-by-context perspective is needed to better understand the adaptation of adolescent immigrants. This perspective has to take into account both the native and the co-ethnic peer environment.

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Being “Them” and “Us” at the Same Time? Subgroups of Cultural Identification Change Among Adolescent Diaspora Immigrants

Cited by 30 publications

References 42 publications

Person-Centered Trajectories of Cultural Values and Behaviors among Chinese American Adolescents

Person-Centered Trajectories of Cultural Values and Behaviors among Chinese American Adolescents

Person‐centered trajectories of cultural values and behaviors among Chinese American adolescents

Acculturation in Context: The Moderating Effects of Immigrant and Native Peer Orientations on the Acculturation Experiences of Immigrants

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