Being Bleuler: The Second Century of Schizophrenia

Kaplan, Robert M.

doi:10.1080/10398560802302176

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Third, our results show that the vision of psychosis as a disastrous life-long trouble [59,60] refrains psychiatrists’ involvement in preventive approaches. Despite activism by former patients and patient advocates who have argued that psychosis did not prevent persons to live meaningful lives and to maintain a social role in their community, as well as scientific evidences that the course of schizophrenia is not always negative [9–12,61,62], schizophrenia’s major economic costs and duration shapes the idea that “ the onset of psychotic illness represents potential personal disaster in the life-course of an individual ” [63]. Thus, interviewed psychiatrists extended the deadline before disclosing such a dreadful perspective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand “prognosis” refers to the theoretical course of a given disorder, as it is described for instance in handbooks. In that sense, even if there is scientific evidence that its course is more favourable than traditionally thought [9–12], schizophrenia remains usually conceived as a chronic disease in the public opinion; while depression, for instance, should not last longer than a few months. A second meaning of prognosis refers to the practice of envisioning the future course of a disorder in a given patient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychosis risk research versus daily prognosis uncertainties: A qualitative study of French youth psychiatrists’ attitudes toward predictive practices

et al. 2017

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BackgroundOver the last twenty years, predicting psychosis has become a priority of both research and policies. Those approaches include the use of the At Risk Mental State category (ARMS) and of standardized predictive tools. In comparison to most developed countries, early interventions programs are only little developed in France. However, cases of young patients presenting unclear symptoms that might be a beginning psychosis or might as well reflect some adolescent unease are commonplace in psychiatry. Yet little is known about the routine practices of youth psychiatrists regarding psychosis risk management. Do they anticipate mental disorders?MethodThe Grounded Theory is an agreed-upon qualitative method in social science field that links subjective experiences (individual narratives) to social processes (professional norms and mental health policies). 12 French youth psychiatrists were interviewed about psychosis early management and their daily prognosis practices with teenagers.ResultsIf all participants were aware of early intervention programs, most of them did not make use of standardized scales. Psychiatrists’ reluctance toward a psychosis risk standardized assessment was shaped by three difficulties: first the gap between theoretical knowledge and practice; second their impossibility to make reliable prognoses; and third, the many uncertainties surrounding medical judgment, adolescence and the nature of psychosis. Nevertheless, they provided their young patients with multiple months follow up without disclosing any risk category.ConclusionAnticipating a psychosis onset remains a highly uncertain task for psychiatrists. In France, psychiatrists’ inconspicuous risk management might be supported by the universal costs coverage that is not conditional on a diagnosis disclosure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosis risk research versus daily prognosis uncertainties: A qualitative study of French youth psychiatrists’ attitudes toward predictive practices

et al. 2017

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“…As expected, there were papers on epilepsy, idiocy and feeble-minded patients. Davidson's paper on the use of thyroid extract in the treatment of mental illness anticipated T 3 augmentation in treatment-resistant depression 22 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freud's Excellent Adventure Down Under: The Only Publication in Australia By the Founder of Psychoanalysis

Kaplan

2010

Australas Psychiatry

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The invitations in 1911 from a Sydney psychoanalysis study group to Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung and Havelock Ellis to present papers at the Australasian Medical Congress, came at a time when the world was barely aware of Freud's new psychology, and well in advance of many other countries. Sparring by Freud and Jung over a joint presentation was evident in the respective papers they sent, and they soon parted. A review of other papers presented at the congress indicates that Australian psychiatry, notwithstanding its slow progress, was well informed on recent developments, which was to manifest with biological treatments, as well as with the establishment of psychoanalysis. Despite its distance from Vienna, Australia seemed to have a special place in Freud's mind that was to surface in various ways over the years, not least in Totem and Taboo.

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“…In the last decades, the interest in the history of psychiatry rose considerably, as did the number of scientific publications related to that field. This is also the case for research on Eugen Bleuler [8,9,10,11,12,13]. …”

Section: Psychiatry Is In Need Of the Historical And Epistemological mentioning

confidence: 99%

Eugen Bleuler’s Concept of Schizophrenia and Its Relevance to Present-Day Psychiatry

Hoff¹

2012

Neuropsychobiology

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This paper links the historical perspective with the actual debate on the concept of schizophrenia. By this, two aims shall be accomplished. First, to prove that Eugen Bleuler’s (1857–1939) concept of ‘schizophrenia’ in its central parts was a clear step forward, as compared to previous approaches, especially the notion of ‘dementia praecox’, proposed and favored by French authors like Bénédict Augustin Morel (1809–1873) and, in Germany, by Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926). Bleuler considerably reduced the epistemological presuppositions of Kraepelin’s nosological model and coined the term ‘group of schizophrenias’, which was markedly broader and, as for prognosis, much less pessimistic. The second aim of this paper is to argue in favor of a continuous reflection upon psychiatry’s historical and epistemological basis which is regarded not just as ‘l’art pour l’art’, but as an indispensable component of psychiatry, clinically and scientifically.

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Being Bleuler: The Second Century of Schizophrenia

Cited by 14 publications

References 48 publications

Psychosis risk research versus daily prognosis uncertainties: A qualitative study of French youth psychiatrists’ attitudes toward predictive practices

Psychosis risk research versus daily prognosis uncertainties: A qualitative study of French youth psychiatrists’ attitudes toward predictive practices

Freud's Excellent Adventure Down Under: The Only Publication in Australia By the Founder of Psychoanalysis

Eugen Bleuler’s Concept of Schizophrenia and Its Relevance to Present-Day Psychiatry

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