Beijing Lightning Network (BLNET) and the observation on preliminary breakdown processes

Wu, Yu; Qie, Xiushu; Wang, Dongfang; Liu, Mingyuan; Su, Debin; Wang, Zhichao; Liu, Dongxia; Wu, Zhijun; Sun, Zhongchang; Tian, Ye

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.12.012

Cited by 79 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…They both suggested the best intervals between 1 and 2 × 10 5 m/s (Figures 6d and 6e). The average speed of order 10 5 m/s in this study was the same as in previous reports on IL speed (Behnke et al, 2005;Bitzer et al, 2013;Campos & Saba, 2013;Lyu et al, 2016;Shao & Krehbiel, 1996;Stolzenburg et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2016;Wilkes et al, 2016;Wu et al, 2015). In some flash cases, speeds on the order of 10 6 m/s were also obtained (Tran & Rakov, 2016;Wilkes et al, 2016).…”

Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheressupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Previous studies indicated that the PB pulse was associated with the movement of negative charge toward the positive charge region (Clarence & Malan, 1957;Liu & Krehbiel, 1985;Marshall et al, 2013;Wu et al, 2015). According to some studies (Clarence & Malan, 1957;Kitagawa & Brook, 1960;Nag & Rakov, 2009a;Rakov et al, 1996;Wang et al, 2016;Zhu et al, 2014), the sequence of PB pulses in cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning usually lasts several milliseconds, while the duration of a single PB pulse typically ranges from several to tens of microseconds, and the interval between neighboring PB pulses tends to be from tens to more than one hundred microseconds. In contrast, the PB pulses in intracloud (IC) lightning were reported to have typically larger intervals between neighboring PB pulses and longer single pulse duration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Initial Leader Properties During the Preliminary Breakdown Processes of Lightning Flashes and Their Associations With Initiation Positions

et al. 2019

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The properties of initial leaders (ILs) of 1,056 flashes in two thunderstorms in Guangzhou, China, are analyzed. The median values of IL properties are 11.1 ms for duration, 2.2 km for vertical distance, 2.7 km for 3‐D distance, 1.9 × 105 m/s for vertical displacement speed, 2.4 × 105 m/s for 3‐D displacement speed, 28° for angle between the IL's displacement direction and the vertical direction, 1.1 per ms for pulse rate, 179 m for vertical step length, and 224 m for 3‐D step length. All the IL properties follow lognormal distributions. Strong monotonic relationships of IL duration with speed and pulse rate and pulse rate with speed and step length are revealed. With increasing initiation altitude, IL duration and step length tend to increase, and IL speed and pulse rate tend to decrease. The ILs initiated at approximately the −20 °C isotherm are more vertically orientated on average than those initiated at lower or higher levels. The ILs initiated in the strong kinematic areas generally had a greater speed and pulse rate but smaller duration, distance, and step length relative to those initiated in the weak kinematic areas. The possible impacts of the charge distribution patterns and density on the IL properties in different types of thunderstorms or thunderstorm areas are discussed.

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Section: Journal Of Geophysical Research: Atmospheressupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Leader Properties During the Preliminary Breakdown Processes of Lightning Flashes and Their Associations With Initiation Positions

et al. 2019

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“…It is statistically significant at the 99.9% confidence level. Similar trends were previously observed in Florida [12], Japan [25], and China [26]. …”

Section: Characteristics Of Pb Pulse Trainssupporting

confidence: 76%

A Study of Preliminary Breakdown and Return Stroke Processes in High-Intensity Negative Lightning Discharges

2016

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Abstract:Using an automated data processing algorithm, we examined electric field records of 5498 negative cloud-to-ground flashes reported by the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) within 50 to 500 km of the Lightning Observatory in Gainesville (LOG), Florida. Out of the 5498 flashes, 3496 (64%) had detectable preliminary breakdown (PB) pulse trains. Only 3077 flashes with a single PB pulse train and NLDN-reported first-return-stroke (RS) peak current ≥50 kA were selected for detailed analysis. The arithmetic mean values of PB pulse train duration, PB-RS interval, and PB/RS pulse peak ratio were 2.7 ms, 8.8 ms, and 0.15, respectively. The PB-RS interval was found to decrease with increasing RS peak current (Spearman correlation coefficient was statistically significant and equal to −0.80). The range-normalized PB pulse peak exhibited statistically significant positive correlation with the RS peak current, with Spearman correlation coefficient being 0.48. Thus, it appears that the high-intensity (≥50 kA) negative lightning is characterized by shorter (and, by inference, faster) stepped leaders and more pronounced PB pulse trains.

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“…The Beijing Lightning Network is a multiband lightning detection network in Beijing and surrounding areas established by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Using the VLF/LF source location, they have investigated lightning activity in thunderstorms and the characteristics of initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) such as propagation speed, direction, and polarity, which are consistent with other observations (Y Wang et al, ). The Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences independently developed and built the Low‐frequency E ‐field Detection Array (LFEDA) in Guangzhou in 2014 (Fan et al, ; Shi et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

A Method of Three‐Dimensional Location for LFEDA Combining the Time of Arrival Method and the Time Reversal Technique

et al. 2019

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Based on fast electric field waveforms of the Low‐frequency E‐field Detection Array (LFEDA), we introduce the time reversal technique into lightning three‐dimensional location for the first time and propose a new algorithm for the three‐dimensional location of lightning low‐frequency discharges. Without using complex filtering algorithms to remove higher‐frequency component, this method obtains similar results to the newly reported LFEDA refinement algorithm. The new algorithm can obtain finer, more continuous, and richer positioning results with a minimum of four stations, 5‐dB signal‐to‐noise ratio, and 500‐ns time error compared with the low‐frequency signal time of arrival three‐dimensional positioning method. These results indicate that the new algorithm has the advantages of low requirements on the number of stations, certain anti‐interference ability, and low requirements on time accuracy. The standard deviations in the X and Y directions for return strokes of triggered lightning flashes are both approximately 90 m.

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Beijing Lightning Network (BLNET) and the observation on preliminary breakdown processes

Cited by 79 publications

References 36 publications

Initial Leader Properties During the Preliminary Breakdown Processes of Lightning Flashes and Their Associations With Initiation Positions

Initial Leader Properties During the Preliminary Breakdown Processes of Lightning Flashes and Their Associations With Initiation Positions

A Study of Preliminary Breakdown and Return Stroke Processes in High-Intensity Negative Lightning Discharges

A Method of Three‐Dimensional Location for LFEDA Combining the Time of Arrival Method and the Time Reversal Technique

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