Behind the smile: cell biology and disease mechanisms of Giardia species

Ankarklev, Johan; Jerlström-Hultqvist, Jon; Ringqvist, Emma; Troell, Karin; Svärd, Staffan G.

doi:10.1038/nrmicro2317

Cited by 344 publications

(359 citation statements)

References 119 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

328

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Currently, researchers resort to animal models or studies of parasites with immortalized intestinal cell lines, both of which have their obvious and distinct limitations. The impact of the various proposed disease mechanisms on parasite pathogenicity (reviewed in Ankarklev et al, 2010;Cotton et al, 2011), such as induction of apoptosis and loss of intestinal barrier function, and the role of putative parasite virulence factors in these processes is currently unknown. Intestinal organoid cultures derived from iPSCs or from human intestinal tissue would greatly advance our means to study G. duodenalis pathogenicity and could help define virulence factors relevant for human infection.…”

Section: Giardia Duodenalismentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cell-derived cell cultures and organoids for protozoan parasite propagation and studying host–parasite interaction

Klotz

Aebischer

Seeber

2012

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryPossibilities to study the biology of human protozoan parasites and their interaction with the host remain severely limited, either because of non-existent or inappropriate animal models or because parasites cannot even be cultured in vitro due to strict human-host specificity or physiology. Here we discuss the prospects of using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived culture systems including organoids as a strategy to address many of these experimental bottlenecks. iPSCs already allow the generation of differentiated cell cultures for many human organs, and these cells and derivatives are amenable to reverse genetics in combination with advanced tools for genetic manipulation. We present examples of blood, neuron, liver, and intestine-dwelling protozoa, i.e. Plasmodium falciparum, Toxoplasma gondii and Giardia duodenalis, where iPSCs or organoids would allow addressing questions of cell and developmental biology, immunology, and pharmacology in unprecedented ways. Starting points and resources for iPSC experimentation are briefly discussed.

show abstract

Section: Giardia Duodenalismentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cell-derived cell cultures and organoids for protozoan parasite propagation and studying host–parasite interaction

Klotz

Aebischer

Seeber

2012

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Giardia lamblia is a unicellular parasitic protozoan that causes giardiasis, one of the most common infectious human diseases worldwide (13). The infection causes diarrhea and malnutrition (13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Both endo-siRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs are involved in the differentiation of primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia

Liao

Guo

Zheng

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Small RNAs (sRNAs), including microRNAs and endogenous siRNAs (endo-siRNAs), regulate most important biologic processes in eukaryotes, such as cell division and differentiation. Although sRNAs have been extensively studied in various eukaryotes, the role of sRNAs in the early emergence of eukaryotes is unclear. To address these questions, we deep sequenced the sRNA transcriptome of four different stages in the differentiation of Giardia lamblia, one of the most primitive eukaryotes. We identified a large number of endosiRNAs in this fascinating parasitic protozoan and found that they were produced from live telomeric retrotransposons and three genomic regions (i.e., endo-siRNA generating regions [eSGRs]). eSGRderived endo-siRNAs were proven to target mRNAs in trans. Gradual up-regulation of endo-siRNAs in the differentiation of Giardia suggested that they might be involved in the regulation of this process. This hypothesis was supported by the impairment of the differentiation ability of Giardia when GLDICER, essential for the biogenesis of endo-siRNAs, was knocked down. Endo-siRNAs are not the only sRNA regulators in Giardia differentiation, because a great number of tRNAs-derived sRNAs showed more dramatic expression changes than endo-siRNAs in this process. We totally identified five novel kinds of tRNAs-derived sRNAs and found that the biogenesis in four of them might be correlated with that of stress-induced tRNA-derived RNA (sitRNA), which was discovered in our previous studies. Our studies reveal an unexpected complex panorama of sRNA in G. lamblia and shed light on the origin and functional evolution of eukaryotic sRNAs.ncRNA sRNA-generating region | development | RNA regulation | single-cell parasite

show abstract

“…Los síntomas de la enfermedad incluyen la diarrea, la malabsorción de nutrientes y la pérdida de peso. Se estima que alrededor de 280 millones de personas se infectan cada año en el mundo (1). En Estados Unidos se reportaron, en promedio, 16.000 casos de giardiasis por año en 2011 y 2012, es decir, alrededor de 6,1 casos por cada 100.000 habitantes (2), lo cual es una cifra baja.…”

unclassified

Inhibición parcial de dos genes que codifican para proteínas spliceosomales en Giardia intestinalis

Gómez

Wasserman

2016

biomedica

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introducción. Giardia intestinalis es un organismo tempranamente divergente en el que recientemente se demostró la presencia de intrones. La maquinaria responsable de la remoción de intrones en eucariotes superiores es el spliceosoma, conformado por 5 ribonucleoproteínas. Cada una tiene un ARN pequeño nuclear, un set de 7 proteínas Sm (B, D1, D2, D3, E, F y G) y varias proteínas específicas. En G. intestinalis, se han identificado los genes de algunas proteínas del spliceosoma por bioinformática. Aunque se asume que el spliceosoma es el responsable del splicing en el parásito, su caracterización bioquímica no ha sido realizada.Objetivo. Inhibir dos genes que codifican para proteínas del spliceosoma de G. intestinalis con el fin de determinar si esta inhibición afecta el crecimiento o la enquistación del parásito.Materiales y métodos. Se clonaron en un vector específico para G. intestinalis secuencias antisentido de los genes que codifican para las proteínas spliceosomales SmB y SmD3 del parásito. Posteriormente se transfectó G. intestinalis con los vectores recombinantes y se seleccionaron aquellos parásitos que lo incorporaron. Se confirmó la disminución del mensajero por PCR en tiempo real y se evaluó el crecimiento y la enquistación en parásitos silvestres y transfectados.Resultados. Se observó una disminución del 40% y 70% en el mARN de SmB y SmD3, respectivamente. El crecimiento y la enquistación no se vieron afectados en estos parásitos.Conclusión. La disminución de SmB y SmD3 no afectan el parásito, indicando que el spliceosoma sigue siendo funcional o que el splicing no es una función vital del parásito.

show abstract

Behind the smile: cell biology and disease mechanisms of Giardia species

Cited by 344 publications

References 119 publications

Stem cell-derived cell cultures and organoids for protozoan parasite propagation and studying host–parasite interaction

Stem cell-derived cell cultures and organoids for protozoan parasite propagation and studying host–parasite interaction

Both endo-siRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs are involved in the differentiation of primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia

Inhibición parcial de dos genes que codifican para proteínas spliceosomales en Giardia intestinalis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About