Behavioural state linkage in the ovine fetus near term

Rao, N Bhaskar; Keen, Ashley E.; Czikk, Marie J.; Frasch, Martin G.; Richardson, Bryan

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.11.003

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The duration of NREM is positively correlated with the duration of the previous REM phase (Rao et al . ), and the authors of this study suggested that this positive REM/NREM linkage supports the homeostatic model for sleep (Rao et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…), and the authors of this study suggested that this positive REM/NREM linkage supports the homeostatic model for sleep (Rao et al . ). Both REM and NREM support brain growth, as is observed postnatally (Cirelli & Tononi, ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…In the maturing sheep fetus, REM state predominates initially, occurring 40–60% of the time, but this percentage gradually falls with maturation, as is seen in the human fetus and neonate (Akay & Szeto, ; Rao et al . ; Keen et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waking up too early – the consequences of preterm birth on sleep development

Bennet

Walker

Horne

2018

The Journal of Physiology

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Good quality sleep of sufficient duration is vital for optimal physiological function and our health. Sleep deprivation is associated with impaired neurocognitive function and emotional control, and increases the risk for cardiometabolic diseases, obesity and cancer. Sleep develops during fetal life with the emergence of a recognisable pattern of sleep states in the preterm fetus associated with the development, maturation and connectivity within neural networks in the brain. Despite the physiological importance of sleep, surprisingly little is known about how sleep develops in individuals born preterm. Globally, an estimated 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks gestation) each year, and these babies are at significant risk of neural injury and impaired brain development. This review discusses how sleep develops during fetal and neonatal life, how preterm birth impacts on sleep development to adulthood, and the factors which may contribute to impaired brain and sleep development, leading to altered neurocognitive, behavioural and motor capabilities in the infant and child. Going forward, the challenge is to identify specific risk factors for impaired sleep development in preterm babies to allow for the design of interventions that will improve the quality and quantity of sleep throughout life.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Waking up too early – the consequences of preterm birth on sleep development

Bennet

Walker

Horne

2018

The Journal of Physiology

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“…Taking 40 min of recording, as done in the present work, had the benefit of automatically containing at least one full pair of active (low-voltage/high-frequency brain electrical activity) and quiet (high voltage/low frequency) sleep states. Moreover, fetuses spend some 95% of their time in sleep 16 . Consequently, the probability of capturing the fetus in an awake state was very low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of maternal and fetal stress from the electrocardiogram with self-supervised representation learning

Sarkar

Lobmaier

Fabre

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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In the pregnant mother and her fetus, chronic prenatal stress results in entrainment of the fetal heartbeat by the maternal heartbeat, quantified by the fetal stress index (FSI). Deep learning (DL) is capable of pattern detection in complex medical data with high accuracy in noisy real-life environments, but little is known about DL’s utility in non-invasive biometric monitoring during pregnancy. A recently established self-supervised learning (SSL) approach to DL provides emotional recognition from electrocardiogram (ECG). We hypothesized that SSL will identify chronically stressed mother-fetus dyads from the raw maternal abdominal electrocardiograms (aECG), containing fetal and maternal ECG. Chronically stressed mothers and controls matched at enrolment at 32 weeks of gestation were studied. We validated the chronic stress exposure by psychological inventory, maternal hair cortisol and FSI. We tested two variants of SSL architecture, one trained on the generic ECG features for emotional recognition obtained from public datasets and another transfer-learned on a subset of our data. Our DL models accurately detect the chronic stress exposure group (AUROC = 0.982 ± 0.002), the individual psychological stress score (R2 = 0.943 ± 0.009) and FSI at 34 weeks of gestation (R2 = 0.946 ± 0.013), as well as the maternal hair cortisol at birth reflecting chronic stress exposure (0.931 ± 0.006). The best performance was achieved with the DL model trained on the public dataset and using maternal ECG alone. The present DL approach provides a novel source of physiological insights into complex multi-modal relationships between different regulatory systems exposed to chronic stress. The final DL model can be deployed in low-cost regular ECG biosensors as a simple, ubiquitous early stress detection and monitoring tool during pregnancy. This discovery should enable early behavioral interventions.

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“…The technique was also used to study behavioral states and sleep patterns associated with the gestational age allowing to gain better insight into the developing brain (90). These studies in humans are paralleled by findings in the fetal sheep model of human development where the relationship between fetal brain maturation and properties of fetal ECoG with regard to sleep states architecture and development was reported (91)(92)(93).…”

Section: Fetal Eeg During Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring Fetal Electroencephalogram Intrapartum: A Systematic Literature Review

et al. 2020

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Background: Studies about the feasibility of monitoring fetal electroencephalogram (fEEG) during labor began in the early 1940s. By the 1970s, clear diagnostic and prognostic benefits from intrapartum fEEG monitoring were reported, but until today, this monitoring technology has remained a curiosity. Objectives: Our goal was to review the studies reporting the use of fEEG including the insights from interpreting fEEG patterns in response to uterine contractions during labor. We also used the most relevant information gathered from clinical studies to provide recommendations for enrollment in the unique environment of a labor and delivery unit.

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Behavioural state linkage in the ovine fetus near term

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Waking up too early – the consequences of preterm birth on sleep development

Waking up too early – the consequences of preterm birth on sleep development

Detection of maternal and fetal stress from the electrocardiogram with self-supervised representation learning

Monitoring Fetal Electroencephalogram Intrapartum: A Systematic Literature Review

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