Behavioural responses in the sand tiger shark (<i>Carcharias taurus</i>) to permanent magnets and pulsed magnetic fields

Polpetta, Maila; Piva, Francesco; Gridelli, Stefano; Bargnesi, Filippo

doi:10.1080/17451000.2021.1887496

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Jordan et al (2011) described that the presence of conspecifics may invoke competitive feeding behaviours which override any deterrent effect of magnets and that the magnetic field may actually attract individuals in these situations. Smith and O'Connell (2014) and Siegenthaler et al (2016) both conducted controlled lab experiments using neodymium-based rare earth magnets to successfully deter foraging attempts of three elasmobranch species, conflicting with a later lab study on sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus) that showed no effect (Polpetta et al 2021). Field trials of rare earth magnets have resulted in mixed responses of Australian swellshark (Cephaloscyllium laticeps) in trap fisheries (Westlake et al 2018) and increased bycatch of blue shark (Prionace glauca) in longlines (Porsmoguer et al 2015).…”

Section: Electrosensorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent developments involve use of pulsing electrical and magnetic signals to illicit aversive responses and reduce bait consumption (Howard et al 2018;Polpetta et al 2021). Howard et al (2018) presented positive results in deterring feeding in sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) using electric fields from an electrode array, but bimodal bait consumption in groups of spiny dogfish, with either 0% or 100% of baits being taken during trials.…”

Section: Electrosensorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Howard et al (2018) presented positive results in deterring feeding in sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus) using electric fields from an electrode array, but bimodal bait consumption in groups of spiny dogfish, with either 0% or 100% of baits being taken during trials. Pulsed electrical or magnetic fields have triggered some aversive behaviour in captive largetooth sawfish (Pristis pristis) and sand tiger sharks respectively, although these subtle responses found in controlled conditions may not be sufficient to prevent capture in active fisheries (Abrantes et al 2021;Polpetta et al 2021).…”

Section: Electrosensorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a consensus that further research in this area should be encouraged due to the unique sensory capabilities and potential for bycatch reduction of elasmobranchs found across multiple studies (e.g. Tallack and Mandelman 2009;Jordan et al 2013;O'Connell et al 2014g;Hart and Collin 2015;Polpetta et al 2021), however in the meantime, it is necessary to pursue alternative bycatch mitigation options until electrosensory repellents are proven to be consistently effective in a variety of contexts (Favaro and Côté 2015).…”

Section: Electrosensorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unique sensory capabilities of elasmobranchs present opportunities for selective bycatch mitigation, particularly use of ferrite magnets in place of beach nets (e.g. O'Connell et al 2014e, 2014a and the recent development of electrode arrays and pulsed magnetic fields (Howard et al 2018;Polpetta et al 2021). Combinations of sensory and non-sensory mitigation options should be trialled too.…”

Section: Recommendations For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review of sensory deterrents for bycatch mitigation of marine megafauna

Lucas

Berggren

2022

Rev Fish Biol Fisheries

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Marine megafauna are critical for marine ecosystem health and their removal can cause food webs to collapse. Methods to reduce marine megafauna mortality can result in conflict between scientists, conservationists, fishers and fisheries management due to real or perceived effects on target catch, income and food security. Sensory deterrents have been used in attempts to mitigate bycatch and retain target catch quantity and quality. Here, we completed a systematic review of 116 papers, plus 25 literature reviews published between 1991 and 2022, to investigate potential for sensory deterrents to mitigate bycatch across four marine megafauna taxonomic groups (marine mammals, sea turtles, seabirds and elasmobranchs). Lights on gillnets are the only technology so far to result in significant bycatch reductions across all four taxonomic groups. It is difficult to make generalisations about the efficacy of sensory deterrents and their ability to deliver consistent bycatch reductions. The efficacy of each method is context dependent, varying with species, fishery and environmental characteristics. Further research is recommended for field studies assessing bycatch mitigation in all sensory deterrents, including combinations of deterrents, to assess effects on target and non-target species. The associated issues of habituation, habitat exclusion and foraging around fishing gear are important, although reducing mortality of vulnerable species should remain the highest priority for conservation and preserving ecosystems that fishers depend on. Multiple complementary measures will be required to achieve consistent bycatch reduction targets in many fisheries, of which sensory deterrents could play some part if implemented appropriately.

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