Behavioural response of the house mosquitoes <scp><i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i></scp> and <i><scp>Culex pipiens</scp> molestus</i> to avian odours and its reliance on carbon dioxide

Spanoudis, Christos G.; Andreadis, Stefanos S.; Bray, Daniel P.; Savopoulou-Soultani, Μ.

doi:10.1111/mve.12429

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…For both species, CO 2 appears to have a synergistic action with host odors in the attraction of female mosquitoes [33,47]. However, the presence of other host odors appears to supersede CO 2 in the induction of orientation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Dose–Response Assay for Synthetic Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Attractant Using a High-Throughput Screening System

Kim

Leepasert

Bangs

et al. 2021

Insects

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Natural volatile host cues play a critical role for mosquito orientation and locating a blood source for egg production. Similar olfactory activation responses have allowed the use and development of artificial chemical attractants to lure mosquitoes to trapping devices. Using a pre-formulated commercial product mixture of different attractant chemicals, a high-throughput screening system (HITSS) is used to screen varying doses of chemical required to activate behavioral responses. Two strains of Aedes aegypti (L.): permethrin-susceptible (USDA) and -resistant (Pu Teuy) phenotypes and one Culex quinquefasciatus Say. (NIH) laboratory strain were tested. Overall, mosquitoes showed repellency between 1.0 g and to 10.0 g dose of each compound. However, by progressively reducing the dose, Cx. quinquefasciatus showed a greater positive percent attraction (88.9%) at 0.025 g, whereas the USDA and Pu Teuy Ae. aegypti produced optimum attractant activation at 0.005 g (72.6% and 58.9%, respectively) without significant difference within species (p > 0.05). In parallel control assays, Cx. quinquefasciatus was significantly attracted to 1 g of dry ice (carbon dioxide) (76%) more than Ae. aegypti (USDA) (12.2%). The HITSS was originally designed to measure three chemical actions to sublethal concentrations of chemicals by mosquitoes: toxicity and the two primary behavior avoidance responses (contact excitation and spatial repellency). These findings demonstrate that the HITSS assay, with only minor modifications, allows comparison screening of candidate compounds as potential attractants for anemotactic responses under laboratory-controlled conditions. Further investigations will be required to equate measurements obtained from controlled laboratory assays to more varied field conditions for attracting natural mosquito populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus are no exception [44][45][46][47]. Carbon dioxide is a potent activator of female Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose–Response Assay for Synthetic Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Attractant Using a High-Throughput Screening System

Kim

Leepasert

Bangs

et al. 2021

Insects

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“…pipiens (Cozzarolo et al, 2019). In contrast, Spanoudis et al (2020) showed that female pigeons were attractive to Cx. quinquefasciatus while males were not attractive.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Skin Microbiota Composition: Potential Impmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…pipiens (Vinogradova, 2000) adapted to urban environments. Both species of mosquitoes responded to bird volatiles but differed in their preference (Spanoudis et al, 2020). Culex quinquefasciatus responded to the volatiles of both sexes of chickens (Gallus Gallus domesticus), and female pigeons (Columba livia).…”

Section: Mosquito Behavioral Response To Skin Microbiota Volatiles Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Behavior and Vertebrate Microbiota Interaction: Implications for Pathogen Transmission

Ruiz‐López

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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The microbiota is increasingly recognized for its ability to influence host health and individual fitness through multiple pathways, such as nutrient synthesis, immune system development, and even behavioral processes. Most of these studies though focus on the direct effects microbiota has on its host, but they do not consider possible interactions with other individuals. However, host microbiota can change not only host behavior but also the behavior of other individuals or species toward the host. For example, microbes can have an effect on animal chemistry, influencing animal behaviors mediated by chemical communication, such as mosquito attraction. We know that host skin microbes play a major role in odor production and thus can affect the behavior of mosquitoes leading to differences in attraction to their hosts. Ultimately, the vector feeding preference of mosquitoes conditions the risk of vertebrates of coming into contact with a vector-borne pathogen, affecting its transmission, and thus epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. In this mini review, I provide an overview of the current status of research on the interaction between mosquito behavior and host skin microbiota, both in humans and other vertebrates. I consider as well the factors that influence vertebrate skin microbiota composition, such as sex, genetic makeup, and infection status, and discuss the implications for pathogen transmission.

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“…Future studies could attempt to identify and synthesise host-specific kairomone attractants to be co-located with synthetic pheromone e.g. [54,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community deployment of a synthetic pheromone of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis co-located with insecticide reduces vector abundance in treated and neighbouring untreated houses: Implications for control of Leishmania infantum

et al. 2021

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Background The rising incidence of visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum requires novel methods to control transmission by the sand fly vector. Indoor residual spraying of insecticide (IRS) against these largely exophilic / exophagic vectors may not be the most effective method. A synthetic copy of the male sex-aggregation pheromone of the key vector species Lutzomyia longipalpis in the Americas, was co-located with residual pyrethroid insecticide, and tested for its effects on vector abundance, hence potential transmission, in a Brazilian community study. Methods Houses within eight defined semi-urban blocks in an endemic municipality in Brazil were randomised to synthetic pheromone + insecticide or to placebo treatments. A similar number of houses located >100m from each block were placebo treated and considered as “True Controls” (thus, analysed as three trial arms). Insecticide was sprayed on a 2.6m2 surface area of the property boundary or outbuilding wall, co-located within one metre of 50mg synthetic pheromone in controlled-release dispensers. Vector numbers captured in nearby CDC light traps were recorded at monthly intervals over 3 months post intervention. Recruited sentinel houses under True Control and pheromone + insecticide treatments were similarly monitored at 7–9 day intervals. The intervention effects were estimated by mixed effects negative binomial models compared to the True Control group. Results Dose-response field assays using 50mg of the synthetic pheromone captured a mean 4.8 (95% C.L.: 3.91, 5.80) to 6.3 (95% C.L.: 3.24, 12.11) times more vectors (female Lu. longipalpis) than using 10mg of synthetic pheromone. The intervention reduced household female vector abundance by 59% (C.L.: 48.7, 66.7%) (IRR = 0.41) estimated by the cross-sectional community study, and by 70% (C.L.: 56.7%, 78.8%) estimated by the longitudinal sentinel study. Similar reductions in male Lu. longipalpis were observed. Beneficial spill-over intervention effects were also observed at nearby untreated households with a mean reduction of 24% (95% C.L.: 0.050%, 39.8%) in female vectors. The spill-over effect in untreated houses was 44% (95% C.L.: 29.7%, 56.1%) as effective as the intervention in pheromone-treated houses. Ownership of chickens increased the intervention effects in both treated and untreated houses, attributed to the suspected synergistic attraction of the synthetic pheromone and chicken kairomones. The variation in IRR between study blocks was not associated with inter-household distances, household densities, or coverage (proportion of total households treated). Conclusions The study confirms the entomological efficacy of the lure-and-kill method to reduce the abundance of this important sand fly vector in treated and untreated homesteads. The outcomes were achieved by low coverage and using only 1–2% of the quantity of insecticide as normally required for IRS, indicating the potential cost-effectiveness of this method. Implications for programmatic deployment of this vector control method are discussed.

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Behavioural response of the house mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex pipiens molestus to avian odours and its reliance on carbon dioxide

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Dose–Response Assay for Synthetic Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Attractant Using a High-Throughput Screening System

Dose–Response Assay for Synthetic Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Attractant Using a High-Throughput Screening System

Mosquito Behavior and Vertebrate Microbiota Interaction: Implications for Pathogen Transmission

Community deployment of a synthetic pheromone of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis co-located with insecticide reduces vector abundance in treated and neighbouring untreated houses: Implications for control of Leishmania infantum

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